External environment - WisdomToWin.com

The external environment

The external environment is...

The world outside an organization. It has four main parts (normally abbreviated as PEST):

a) political

Government action and changes in the law.

b) economic

Changes in the economy (particularly people’s incomes and competition between companies).

c) social

Changing social factors like fashion, crime, health, population and the environment.

d) technology

Changes in technology that lead to new and better products.

This PEST analysis is used in corporate strategy as part of the SWOT analysis (evaluating the organization’s internal strengths and weaknesses and opportunities/threats in its external environment).

Big issues in the external environment

1. Political

External environment

a) state or individual?

Government interference or personal liberty. Self-help or state help?

b) priorities between government spending

The biggest spenders are health, social services, education, transport, housing and local government, and defence.

c) taxation

Will high government spending (and so the need for higher taxes) destroy new businesses and people’s will to work?

d) international terrorism

(particularly from Islamic groups after 9/11).

External environment

e) international politics

(particularly relations between America, the EU, Arab countries, Russia, Japan and China)

Can they co-operate to solve problems like climate change, world famine and the Middle East conflict?

2. Economic

a) increasing global competition

(particularly from countries like China and India with lower wages).

External environment

b) globalization

Global companies like Coca-Cola selling products worldwide and so extending the influence of American culture.

c) rising incomes

(the amount people can spend after paying taxes).

d) rising customer expectations External environment

(for better products at lower prices).

e) wealth creation

Increasing a country’s income and production to pay for material goods including health and education.

3. Social

a) the environment

climate change.

shortage of resources (due to increases in wealth and population).

protecting the countryside.

disposal of rubbish (because of our throwaway society).

b) violent crime

(increasing crime even in schools).

External environment

c) morality

increased selfishness and materialism.

decreasing influence of moral values like courtesy, compassion and community.

d) distribution of income and wealth

The increasing gap between rich and poor; and the balance needed between:

encouraging hard work (with low taxes) and

helping the poor and needy (with higher government spending).

External environment

e) relationship problems

greater stress and anxiety.

long hours.

less time for family and leisure.

high divorce rates.

f) health

– rising health costs from an ageing population and increasing drug prices.

g) change

Work and life are changing ever more quickly, making lifelong learning and education more important.

h) information society

Knowledge is vital to be successful (called a knowledge economy) but finding knowledge from mountains of information (via the Internet) isn’t easy.

External environment

i) famine and disease

(particularly in Africa, pictured right).

j) culture

Quality entertainment is needed to make us happy and educated.

4. Technological

a) wider use of smaller, more intelligent computers

The constant increase in computer power is phenomenal.

b) people

Science and technology can’t ignore people’s needs and must provide creative solutions to their problems.

c) genetic engineering (biotechnology)

(cloning and new drugs and cures).

d) Internet

Improving quality of information from the Internet (revolutionizing communication, entertainment, education and learning).

Key quotes explained

“Want, disease, ignorance and squalor”

- Lord Beveridge’s (pictured right) four evils.

The Beveridge Report in 1944 concluded that Britons needed government help (the welfare state) to remove these evils.

But you also need personal responsibility and community action – a society is what we make it.

“The life of the nation is secure only while the nation is honest, truthful, and virtuous”, said Frederick Douglass, the American anti-slavery campaigner

You can’t get something for nothing – if you spend money on one thing, you can’t spend it on something else (the economist’s idea of opportunity cost).

“Earth provides enough to satisfy every man’s need but not every man’s greed”

- Mahatma Gandhi ,Indian leader (pictured right)

The greedy pursuit of money will destroy the planet. “We borrow it from our children”, says a Native American proverb, and so we have a responsibility to preserve it.

Gandhi also said that we must slow down and give ourselves more time to reflect on the damage we’re inflicting on our souls and the world.

We must pay at least as much attention to morality as to money, so we have the wisdom to cope with accelerating social and scientific change.

“Our scientific power has outrun our spiritual power”, lamented the American civil rights leader, Martin Luther King.

“Those who do not remember the past are condemned to repeat it”

- George Santayana, American philosopher (pictured right)

We won’t have a better future unless we learn the lessons of the past, particularly the evil of inhumanity to man (such as the Holocaust and unnecessary wars).

If we don’t, we’ll keep on making the same mistakes.

“We are drowning in information and starved of knowledge”,

- John Naisbitt, American futurist (pictured right)

The Internet has given us the challenge to find knowledge and wisdom from the mountain of information available.

Best books

Alvin Toffler’s (pictured right) trilogy: Future Shock (1971), The Third Wave (1981) and Powershift (1991)

The world’s biggest challenge is to cope with accelerating change and avoid over stressing people.

Stress is the result of change happening faster than people’s ability to cope with it (“future shock”)

The “Third Wave” is the post-industrial age when power is transferred to the knowledgeable (“powershift”).

(For more detail see Future Shock and The Third Wave in the Business Books section.

J.K. Galbraith (pictured right) , The Affluent Society (1958)

People’s wealth is mixed with poor public services (“private opulence, public squalor”).

The wealthy protect their position through what his 1992 book called a “culture of contentment” based on selfishness and greed.

Charles Handy (pictured right), The Age of Unreason (1989)

He predicted the “shamrock organization” that has three parts:

a) small, full-time workforce.

b) part-time and temporary employees

(to hire and fire when needed).

c) outside contractors

(external organizations providing goods and services).

(For more detail see The Age of Unreason in the Business Books section).

Fritz Schumacher (pictured right), Small Is Beautiful (1973)

Supports “technology with a human face”, using technology to develop people’s skills and potential.

So in poor countries it must be cheap, easy to use and available to everyone.

(For more detail see Small Is Beautiful in the Business Books section).

Peter Schwartz (pictured right), The Art of the Long View (1991)

Create scenarios (or predictions) of the future based upon two or three of the most important and likely trends in each of the four PEST categories (political, economic, social and technological).

Then work out the implications of these scenarios for the organization’s corporate strategy.

John Naisbitt, Megatrends (1984)

Technological progress must be balanced with people’s needs for love and human contact (“high tech/high touch”).

David Riesman (pictured right), Nathan Glazer and Reuel Denney, The Lonely Crowd (1950)

“Other-directed” people do what others (like their "peer group") do and want, not what is best for them.

They aren't true to themselves and their principles, lacking autonomy, self-knowledge and meaningful relationships.

So they are the “lonely crowd” who are “at home everywhere and nowhere”.

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◦	Management Gurus - H
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◦	Management Gurus - P - R
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◦	Vance Packard
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◦	Management Gurus - Q
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◦	Frederick Reichheld
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◦	Management Gurus - S - U
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◦	Edgar Schein
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◦	Management Gurus - T
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◦	Management Gurus - U
◦	David Ulrich
◦	Management Gurus - V - Z
◦	Management Gurus - V
◦	Management Gurus - W
◦	Robert Waterman
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◦	Management Gurus - X
◦	Management Gurus - Y
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◦	Theodore Zeldin

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◦	Management Topics - D - F
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◦	Management Topics - H
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◦	Management Topics - X
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Non-Business Leaders

◦	Non-Business Leaders - A - C
◦	Non-Business Leaders - A
◦	John Adams Leadership
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◦	Non-Business Leaders - D - F
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◦	Non-Business Leaders - G - I
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◦	Non-Business Leaders - H
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◦	Non-Business Leaders - I
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◦	Non-Business Leaders - J
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◦	Non-Business Leaders - M - O
◦	Non-Business Leaders - M
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◦	Non-Business Leaders - O
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◦	Non-Business Leaders - P - R
◦	Non-Business Leaders - P
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◦	Non-Business Leaders - S
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◦	Non-Business Leaders - T
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◦	Non-Business Leaders - U
◦	Non-Business Leaders - V - Z
◦	Non-Business Leaders - V
◦	Michael Vaughan Leadership
◦	Non-Business Leaders - W
◦	George Washington Leadership
◦	Non-Business Leaders - X
◦	Non-Business Leaders - Y
◦	Non-Business Leaders - Z

Business Leaders

◦	Business Leaders - A - C
◦	Business Leaders - A
◦	Elizabeth Arden leadership
◦	Laura Ashley Leadership and Creativity
◦	Business Leaders - B
◦	Jeff Bezos Leadership
◦	Richard Branson Leadership
◦	Sergey Brin and Larry Page Leadership
◦	John Browne Leadership
◦	Warren Buffett - Leadership, Success and Happiness
◦	Business Leaders - C
◦	George Cadbury Leadership
◦	Andrew Carnegie Leadership
◦	Coco Chanel Leadership, Creativity and Design
◦	Business Leaders - D - F
◦	Business Leaders - D
◦	Michael Dell Leadership and Success
◦	Walt Disney Leadership
◦	Business Leaders - E
◦	Business Leaders - F
◦	Henry Ford Leadership
◦	Business Leaders - G - I
◦	Business Leaders - G
◦	Bill Gates Leadership
◦	Katharine Graham Leadership
◦	Andrew Grove Leadership
◦	Business Leaders - H
◦	John Harvey-Jones Leadership
◦	William Hewlett and David Packard Leadership
◦	Soichiro Honda Leadership
◦	Business Leaders - I
◦	Business Leaders - J - L
◦	Business Leaders - J
◦	Steve Jobs Leadership
◦	Business Leaders - K
◦	Herb Kelleher Leadership
◦	Business Leaders - L
◦	Estée Lauder Leadership
◦	Terry Leahy Leadership
◦	Business Leaders - M - O
◦	Business Leaders - M
◦	Kanosuke Matsushita Leadership and Business Success
◦	Akio Morita Leadership
◦	Business Leaders - N
◦	Business Leaders - O
◦	Business Leaders - P - R
◦	Business Leaders - P
◦	J.C. Penney Leadership and Business Success
◦	Business Leaders - Q
◦	Business Leaders - R
◦	Anita Roddick Leadership and Business Success
◦	Business Leaders - S - U
◦	Business Leaders - S
◦	Alfred Sloan Leadership
◦	Alan Sugar Leadership and Business Success
◦	Business Leaders - T
◦	Donald Trump Leadership
◦	Business Leaders - U
◦	Business Leaders - V - Z
◦	Business Leaders - V
◦	Business Leaders - W
◦	Madam C.J. Walker Leadership
◦	Sam Walton Leadership and Business Success
◦	Tom Watson Sr.and Tom Watson Jr.Leadership
◦	Josiah Wedgwood Leadership and Creativity
◦	Jack Welch Leadership and Business Success
◦	Meg Whitman Leadership
◦	Business Leaders - X
◦	Business Leaders - Y
◦	Business Leaders - Z

Philosophers

◦	Philosophers - A - C
◦	Philosophers - A
◦	St. Thomas Aquinas - Philosophy,Learning and Ethics
◦	Aristotle- Philosophy, Ethics and Happiness
◦	St. Augustine- Philosophy, Ethics and Learning
◦	Marcus Aurelius- Philosophy and Happiness
◦	Philosophers - B
◦	Francis Bacon- Philosophy and Learning
◦	St. Benedict- Philosophy and Ethics
◦	George Berkeley- Philosophy Knowledge and Perception
◦	Isaiah Berlin – Philosophy, Liberty and Ethics
◦	Boethius- Philosophy and Happiness
◦	Dietrich Bonhoeffer - Philosophy and Ethics
◦	Gautama Buddha- Philosophy and Ethics
◦	Edmund Burke- Philosophy and Government
◦	Philosophers - C
◦	Cicero- Philosophy, Success and Leadership
◦	Confucius - Philosophy and Ethics
◦	Philosophers - D - F
◦	Philosophers - D
◦	René Descartes- Philosophy and Learning
◦	John Dewey- Philosophy and Learning
◦	Diogenes- Philosophy and Ethics
◦	Philosophers - E
◦	Ralph Waldo Emerson- Philosophy and Success
◦	Epicurus- Philosophy and Happiness
◦	Philosophers - F
◦	St. Francis of Assisi- Philosophy, God and Ethics
◦	Benjamin Franklin- Philosophy, Happiness and Success
◦	Philosophers - G - I
◦	Philosophers - G
◦	Mahatma ( Mohandas) Gandhi- Philosophy and Leadership
◦	Jose Ortega y Gasset- Philosophy and Success
◦	Kahlil Gibran - Happiness and Success
◦	Philosophers - H
◦	Heraclitus- Philosophy and Change
◦	Thomas Hobbes- Philosophy, Ethics and Government
◦	David Hume- Philosophy, Ethics and Learning
◦	Philosophers - I
◦	Philosophers - J - L
◦	Philosophers - J
◦	Jesus- Philosophy, Ethics and Leadership
◦	Philosophers - K
◦	Immanuel Kant- Philosophy, Learning and Ethics
◦	Soren Kierkegaard- Philosophy and Success
◦	Thomas Kuhn- Philosophy, Learning and Change
◦	Philosophers - L
◦	Lao Tzu- Philosophy, Ethics and Success
◦	Gottfried Leibniz- Philosophy, Learning and Ethics
◦	John Locke Philosophy and Government
◦	Philosophers - M - O
◦	Philosophers - M
◦	Niccolo Machiavelli and Leadership
◦	Karl Marx - Philosophy, Work and Happiness
◦	John Stuart Mill - Philosophy, Ethics and Happiness
◦	Michel de Montaigne - Philosophy and Success
◦	Thomas More - Philosophy and Ethics
◦	Muhammad - Philosophy, Ethics and Leadership
◦	Philosophers - N
◦	Reinhold Niebuhr - Philosophy, Work and Change
◦	Friedrich Nietzsche - Philosophy, Ethics and Success
◦	Philosophers - O
◦	Philosophers - P - R
◦	Philosophers - P
◦	Thomas (Tom) Paine - Philosophy and Government
◦	Blaise Pascal - Philosophy, Ethics and Learning
◦	C.S. Peirce - Philosophy and Learning
◦	Plato - Philosophy and Success
◦	Karl Popper - Philosophy and Learning
◦	Pythagoras - Philosophy and Learning
◦	Philosophers - Q
◦	Philosophers - R
◦	John Rawls - Philosophy and Justice
◦	Jean-Jacques Rousseau - Philosophy, Government and Success
◦	Bertrand Russell - Philosophy, Ethics and Learning
◦	Philosophers - S - U
◦	Philosophers - S
◦	Jean-Paul Sartre - Philosophy and Ethics
◦	Arnold Schopenhauer - Philosophy and Happiness
◦	Seneca - Philosophy, Happiness and Success
◦	Peter Singer - Philosophy and Ethics
◦	Adam Smith - Philosophy and Business
◦	Socrates - Philosophy and Happiness
◦	Benedict (or Baruch) Spinoza - Philosophy, Ethics and Happiness
◦	Philosophers - T
◦	Henry David Thoreau - Philosophy, Success and Happiness
◦	Philosophers - U
◦	Philosophers - V - Z
◦	Philosophers - V
◦	Voltaire - Philosophy, Success and Ethics
◦	Philosophers - W
◦	Ludwig Wittgenstein - Philosophy and Language
◦	Philosophers - X
◦	Philosophers - Y
◦	Philosophers - Z

Heroes

◦	Heroes - A - C
◦	Heroes - A
◦	Muhammad Ali and Success
◦	Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton - Suffragettes and Women
◦	Heroes - B
◦	Simone de Beauvoir - Feminism and Women
◦	David Beckham - Money and Success
◦	Heroes - C
◦	Rachel Carson - Success and Environmentalism
◦	Cleopatra - Success and Leadership
◦	Captain James Cook - Success and Influence
◦	Heroes - D - F
◦	Heroes - D
◦	Dilbert - Work and Management
◦	Frederick Douglass - Success and Leadership
◦	Heroes - E
◦	Heroes - F
◦	Anne Frank - Success and Wisdom
◦	Betty Friedan - Feminism and Women
◦	Heroes - G - I
◦	Heroes - G
◦	William Lloyd Garrison - Success and Leadership
◦	Owain Glyndwr - Success and Leadership
◦	Heroes - H
◦	Patrick Henry - Success and Leadership
◦	Heros - I
◦	Heroes - J - L
◦	Heros - J
◦	Joan of Arc - Success and Leadership
◦	Heros - K
◦	Helen Keller - Success and Influence
◦	John Maynard Keynes - Success and Wisdom
◦	Heros - L
◦	Eric Liddell - Success, Religion and Ethics
◦	Heroes - M - O
◦	Heros - M
◦	Ellen MacArthur - Success and Influence
◦	Madonna - Success and Creativity
◦	Marilyn Monroe - Success and Influence
◦	Heros - N
◦	Florence Nightingale - Success and Influence
◦	Heros - O
◦	Jamie Oliver - Success and Business
◦	Robert Owen - Success and Business
◦	Heroes - P - R
◦	Heros - P
◦	Emmeline Pankhurst - Suffragettes and Leadership
◦	Rosa Parks - Success and Influence
◦	Elvis Presley - Success and Creativity
◦	Heros - Q
◦	Heros - R
◦	Walter Reuther - Success, Work and Unions
◦	Robert the Bruce - Success and Leadership
◦	Jackie Robinson - Leadership, Success and Assertiveness
◦	Eleanor Roosevelt - Success and Leadership
◦	Heroes - S - U
◦	Heros - S
◦	Margaret Sanger - Feminism and Women
◦	Cicely Saunders - Success and Leadership
◦	Albert Schweitzer - Success and Ethics
◦	Robert Scott - Success and Leadership
◦	The Scottsboro Boys - Civil Rights and Influence
◦	Homer Simpson - Success and Influence
◦	Lucy Stone - Suffragettes and Leadership
◦	Heros - T
◦	Mother Teresa - Success, Religion and Ethics
◦	Emmett Till- Civil Rights and Influence
◦	Heros - U
◦	Heroes - V - Z
◦	Heros - V
◦	Heros - W
◦	William Wallace - Success and Leadership
◦	Booker T. Washington - Success and Leadership
◦	Oprah Winfrey - Success and Influence
◦	Mary Wollstonecraft - Success and Women's Rights
◦	Heros - X
◦	Heros - Y
◦	Muhammad Yunus - Corporate Social Responsibility and Business Ethics
◦	Heros - Z

Psychologists

◦	Psychologists - A - C
◦	Psychologists - A
◦	Alfred Adler - Psychology and Success
◦	Psychologists - B
◦	Albert Bandura - Psychology and Learning
◦	Aaron Beck – Psychology, Stress and Happiness
◦	Psychologists - C
◦	Psychologists - D - F
◦	Psychologists - D
◦	Psychologists - E
◦	Erik Erikson - Psychology and Childhood
◦	Psychologists - F
◦	Sigmund Freud - Psychoanalysis and Sex
◦	Erich Fromm - Psychology, Love and Life
◦	Psychologists - G - I
◦	Psychologists - G
◦	Psychologists - H
◦	Psychologists - I
◦	Psychologists - J - L
◦	Psychologists - J
◦	William James - Psychology, Ethics, and Success
◦	Carl Jung - Psychology and Personality
◦	Psychologists - K
◦	Daniel Kahneman- Decision Making and Happiness
◦	Psychologists - L
◦	Kurt Lewin - Psychology, Leadership and Change
◦	Psychologists - M - O
◦	Psychologists - M
◦	Abraham Maslow - Humanistic Psychology and Hierarchy of Needs
◦	Psychologists - N
◦	Psychologists - O
◦	Psychologists - P - R
◦	Psychologists - P
◦	Ivan Pavlov - Psychology and Learning
◦	Fritz Perls - Psychology and Gestalt Therapy
◦	Jean Piaget - Psychology and Learning
◦	Steven Pinker - Psychology and Learning
◦	Psychologists - Q
◦	Psychologists - R
◦	Carl Rogers - Psychology, Psychotherapy and Happiness
◦	Psychologists - S - U
◦	Psychologists - S
◦	M. Scott Peck - Psychology and Spiritual Growth
◦	Martin Seligman - Positive Psychology and Success
◦	Hans Selye - Psychology and Stress
◦	B-F-Skinner - Psychology, Learning and Motivation
◦	Psychologists - T
◦	Psychologists - U
◦	Psychologists - V - Z
◦	Psychologists - V
◦	Psychologists - W
◦	Psychologists - X
◦	Psychologists - Y
◦	Psychologists - Z

Scientists & Inventors

◦	Scientists and Inventors - A - C
◦	Scientists and Inventors - A
◦	Archimedes - Creativity and Science
◦	Scientists and Inventors - B
◦	Alexander Graham Bell - Creativity and Invention
◦	Tim Berners-Lee - Creativity and the Internet
◦	Isambard Kingdom Brunel - Creativity and Engineering
◦	Scientists and Inventors - C
◦	Francis Crick and James Watson - Creativity and Science
◦	Marie Curie - Creativity and Science
◦	Scientists and Inventors - D - F
◦	Scientists and Inventors - D
◦	Charles Darwin - Creativity and Science
◦	Richard Dawkins - Creativity and Science
◦	James Dyson - Creativity and Innovation
◦	Scientists and Inventors - E
◦	Thomas Edison - Creativity and Innovation
◦	Albert Einstein - Creativity and Science
◦	Scientists and Inventors - F
◦	Michael Faraday - Creativity and Science
◦	Scientists and Inventors - G - I
◦	Scientists and Inventors - G
◦	Galileo - Creativity and Science
◦	Scientists and Inventors - H
◦	Stephen Hawking - Creativity and Science
◦	Hippocrates - Medicine and Health
◦	Scientists and Inventors - I
◦	Scientists and Inventors - J - L
◦	Scientists and Inventors - J
◦	Scientists and Inventors - K
◦	Scientists and Inventors - L
◦	Antoine Lavoisier - Creativity and Science
◦	Scientists and Inventors - M - O
◦	Scientists and Inventors - M
◦	Scientists and Inventors - N
◦	Isaac Newton - Creativity and Science
◦	Scientists and Inventors - O
◦	Scientists and Inventors - P - R
◦	Scientists and Inventors - P
◦	Louis Pasteur - Creativity and Science
◦	Henri Poincaré - Change and Chaos
◦	Scientists and Inventors - Q
◦	Scientists and Inventors - R
◦	Scientists and Inventors - S - U
◦	Scientists and Inventors - S
◦	Scientists and Inventors - T
◦	Scientists and Inventors - U
◦	Scientists and Inventors - V - Z
◦	Scientists and Inventors - V
◦	Scientists and Inventors - W
◦	Orville and Wilbur Wright - Creativity and Innovation
◦	Scientists and Inventors - X
◦	Scientists and Inventors - Y
◦	Scientists and Inventors - Z

Writers, Artists & Designers

◦	Writers, Artists and Designers - A - C
◦	Writers, Artists and Designers - A
◦	Jane Austen - Creativity and Writing
◦	Writers, Artists and Designers - B
◦	Ludwig van Beethoven - Creativity and Music
◦	The Brontë sisters - Creativity and Writing
◦	Writers, Artists and Designers - C
◦	Terence Conran - Creativity and Design
◦	Writers, Artists and Designers - D - F
◦	Writers, Artists and Designers - D
◦	Charles Dickens - Creativity and Writing
◦	Writers, Artists and Designers - E
◦	Writers, Artists and Designers - F
◦	Writers, Artists and Designers - G - I
◦	Writers, Artists and Designers - G
◦	Writers, Artists and Designers - H
◦	Writers, Artists and Designers - I
◦	Writers, Artists and Designers - J - L
◦	Writers, Artists and Designers - J
◦	Elton John - Creativity and Music
◦	Writers, Artists and Designers - K
◦	Writers, Artists and Designers - L
◦	John Lennon and Paul McCartney - Creativity and Music
◦	Leonardo da Vinci - Creativity and Art
◦	Raymond Loewy - Creativity and Design
◦	Writers, Artists and Designers - M - O
◦	Writers, Artists and Designers - M
◦	Michelangelo - Creativity and Art
◦	Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart - Creativity and Music
◦	Writers, Artists and Designers - N
◦	Writers, Artists and Designers - O
◦	Writers, Artists and Designers - P - R
◦	Writers, Artists and Designers - P
◦	Nick Park - Creativity and Films
◦	Pablo Picasso - Creativity and Art
◦	Marcel Proust - Success and Happiness
◦	Writers, Artists and Designers - Q
◦	Writers, Artists and Designers - R
◦	Richard Rodgers and Oscar Hammerstein - Creativity and Music
◦	Richard Rogers - Creativity and Business Success
◦	J.K.Rowling - Creativity and Writing
◦	John Ruskin - Creativity and Art
◦	Writers, Artists and Designers - S - U
◦	Writers, Artists and Designers - S
◦	William Shakespeare - Creativity and Writing
◦	Steven Spielberg - Creativity and Films
◦	Writers, Artists and Designers - T
◦	Writers, Artists and Designers - U
◦	Writers, Artists and Designers - V - Z
◦	Writers, Artists and Designers - V
◦	Vincent van Gogh - Creativity and Art
◦	Writers, Artists and Designers - W
◦	William Wordsworth - Creativity and Writing
◦	Frank Lloyd Wright - Creativity and Architecture
◦	Writers, Artists and Designers - X
◦	Writers, Artists and Designers - Y
◦	Writers, Artists and Designers - Z

Company Case Studies

◦	Company Case Studies - A - C
◦	Company Case Studies - A
◦	Amazon.com - Employees, Unions and Customer Satisfaction
◦	Apple - Innovation, Design and Customer Satisfaction
◦	Company Case Studies - B
◦	BBC - Quality, Creativity and Customer Satisfaction
◦	BMW - Production, Quality and Innovation
◦	Company Case Studies - C
◦	The Co-operative Group - Business Ethics and Customer Satisfaction
◦	Company Case Studies - D - F
◦	Company Case Studies - D
◦	Company Case Studies - E
◦	Company Case Studies - F
◦	Company Case Studies - G - I
◦	Company Case Studies - G
◦	Company Case Studies - H
◦	Company Case Studies - I
◦	Company Case Studies - J - L
◦	Company Case Studies - J
◦	Company Case Studies - K
◦	Company Case Studies - L
◦	Company Case Studies - M - O
◦	Company Case Studies - M
◦	Manchester United - Cash, Costs and Customer Satisfaction
◦	McDonald’s - Globalization, Culture and Strategy
◦	Company Case Studies - N
◦	Company Case Studies - O
◦	Company Case Studies - P - R
◦	Company Case Studies - P
◦	Company Case Studies - Q
◦	Company Case Studies - R
◦	Company Case Studies - S - U
◦	Company Case Studies - S
◦	Company Case Studies - T
◦	Tesco - Business Success, Leadership and Motivation
◦	Company Case Studies - U
◦	Company Case Studies - V - Z
◦	Company Case Studies - V
◦	Company Case Studies - W
◦	Company Case Studies - X
◦	Company Case Studies - Y
◦	Company Case Studies - Z

Books

◦	Books - A - C
◦	Books - A
◦	The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn - Ethics and Racism
◦	Aesop’s Fables - Success and Ethics
◦	All Quiet on the Western Front - War and Leadership
◦	Animal Farm - Leadership and Change
◦	Anna Karenina - Ethics and Love
◦	Atlas Shrugged - Corporate Social Responsibility
◦	Books - B
◦	Bleak House - Life, Work and Ethics
◦	Brave New World - The Future of Life and Work
◦	Books - C
◦	Catch-22 - People and Management
◦	The Catcher in the Rye - Happiness and Ethics
◦	Crime and Punishment- Happiness and Ethics
◦	The Crucible - Ethics, Leadership and Success
◦	Books - D - F
◦	Books - D
◦	David Copperfield - Success and Ethics
◦	Death of a Salesman - Success and Happiness
◦	Books - E
◦	Emma - Success and Ethics
◦	Books - F
◦	The Fountainhead and Success
◦	Books - G - I
◦	Books - G
◦	The Grapes of Wrath - Corporate Social Responsibility
◦	Great Expectations - Success, Happiness and Ethics
◦	The Great Gatsby - Happiness and Success
◦	Books - H
◦	Hard Times - Business Ethics and Happiness
◦	Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone - Success and Ethics
◦	Books - I
◦	Books - J - L
◦	Books - J
◦	Jane Eyre - Women, Ethics and Success
◦	Books - K
◦	Books - L
◦	The Last Tycoon - Leadership
◦	The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe - Ethics and Success
◦	Lord of the Flies - Leadership
◦	The Lord of the Rings - Success and Leadership
◦	Books - M - O
◦	Books - M
◦	The Mayor of Casterbridge - Leadership and Ethics
◦	Middlemarch - Happiness and Success
◦	Moby-Dick - Leadership
◦	Books - N
◦	Nineteen Eighty-Four - Success and Leadership
◦	Books - O
◦	Of Mice and Men - Success and Happiness
◦	Oliver Twist - Success and Ethics
◦	Books - P - R
◦	Books - P
◦	The Pearl - Happiness and Success
◦	The Pilgrim’s Progress - Religion and Ethics
◦	Pride and Prejudice - Love and Success
◦	Books - Q
◦	Books - R
◦	The Red Badge of Courage - Success and Ethics
◦	Roll of Thunder, Hear my Cry - Success and Ethics
◦	Books - S - U
◦	Books - S
◦	The Scarlet Letter - Happiness and Ethics
◦	Sense and Sensibility - Success and Influence
◦	Sons and Lovers - Family and Happiness
◦	Sophie’s World - Philosophy and Happiness
◦	Books - T
◦	To Kill a Mockingbird - Racism and Ethics
◦	Books - U
◦	Ulysses - Success, Happiness and Ethics
◦	Uncle Tom’s Cabin - Racism and Ethics
◦	Books - V - Z
◦	Books - V
◦	Books - W
◦	War and Peace - Leadership and Change
◦	Wuthering Heights - Love and Success
◦	Books - X
◦	Books - Y
◦	Books - Z

Shakespeare

◦	Shakespeare - A - C
◦	Shakespeare - A
◦	Shakespeare's Antony and Cleopatra - Success and Leadership
◦	Shakespeare - B
◦	Shakespeare - C
◦	Shakespeare's Julius Caesar - Leadership and Change
◦	Shakespeare's Corialanus - Leadership and Ethics
◦	Shakespeare - D - F
◦	Shakespeare - D
◦	Shakespeare - E
◦	Shakespeare - F
◦	Shakespeare - G - I
◦	Shakespeare - G
◦	Shakespeare - H
◦	Shakespeare's Hamlet - Success and Ethics
◦	Shakespeare's Henry IV Parts 1 and 2 - Leadership and Change
◦	Shakespeare's Henry V - Leadership and Ethics
◦	Shakespeare's Henry VIII - Leadership and Ethics
◦	Shakespeare - I
◦	Shakespeare - J - L
◦	Shakespeare - J
◦	Shakespeare - K
◦	Shakespeare's King Lear - Success and Ethics
◦	Shakespeare - L
◦	Shakespeare - M - O
◦	Shakespeare - M
◦	Shakespeare's Macbeth - Happiness and Success
◦	Shakespeare's Measure for Measure - Leadership and Ethics
◦	Shakespeare's The Merchant of Venice - Success and Ethics
◦	Shakespeare's A Midsummer Night’s Dream - Happiness and Ethics
◦	Shakespeare - N
◦	Shakespeare - O
◦	Shakespeare's Othello - Leadership and Ethics
◦	Shakespeare - P - R
◦	Shakespeare - P
◦	Shakespeare - Q
◦	Shakespeare - R
◦	Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet - Love and Happiness
◦	Shakespeare - S - U
◦	Shakespeare - S
◦	Shakespeare - T
◦	Shakespeare's The Tempest - Managing Change
◦	Shakespeare's Timon of Athens - Money and Ethics
◦	Shakespeare's Twelfth Night - Happiness and Ethics
◦	Shakespeare - U
◦	Shakespeare - V - Z
◦	Shakespeare - V
◦	Shakespeare - W
◦	Shakespeare - X
◦	Shakespeare - Y
◦	Shakespeare - Z

Poetry

◦	Poetry - A - C
◦	Poetry - A
◦	Poetry - B
◦	Poetry - C
◦	Poetry - Change
◦	Poetry - Creativity and Innovation
◦	Poetry - D - F
◦	Poetry - D
◦	Poetry - Death
◦	Poetry - E
◦	Poetry - Empowerment and motivation
◦	Poetry - Ethics
◦	Poetry - F
◦	Poetry - Family and Friends
◦	Poetry - G - I
◦	Poetry - G
◦	Poetry - God and Religion
◦	Poetry - H
◦	Poetry - Happiness
◦	Poetry - The Holocaust and World War Two
◦	Poetry - I
◦	Poetry - Influencing people
◦	Poetry - J - L
◦	Poetry - J
◦	Poetry - K
◦	Poetry - L
◦	Poetry - Leadership
◦	Poetry - Learning and Wisdom
◦	Poetry - Love
◦	Poetry - M - O
◦	Poetry - M
◦	Poetry - N
◦	Poetry - Nature and the Environment
◦	Poetry - O
◦	Poetry - Objectives and Purpose
◦	Poetry - Old Age
◦	Poetry - P - R
◦	Poetry - P
◦	Poetry - Positive Thinking and Assertiveness
◦	Poetry - Q
◦	Poetry - R
◦	Poetry - S - U
◦	Poetry - S
◦	Poetry - Stress and Pain
◦	Poetry - Success
◦	Poetry - T
◦	Poetry - Time Management
◦	Poetry - U
◦	Poetry - V - Z
◦	Poetry - V
◦	Poetry - W
◦	Poetry - War
◦	Poetry - Work and Workers
◦	Poetry - Women and Men
◦	Poetry - X
◦	Poetry - Y
◦	Poetry - Z

Art

◦	Art - A - C
◦	Art - A
◦	Art - B
◦	Art - Business Success and Motivation
◦	Art - C
◦	Art - Change
◦	Art - Creativity, Innovation and Science
◦	Art - D - F
◦	Art - D
◦	Art - E
◦	Art - Ethics
◦	Art - F
◦	Art - Family and friends
◦	Art - G - I
◦	Art - G
◦	Art - God and religion
◦	Art - H
◦	Art - Happiness
◦	Art - The Holocaust
◦	Art - I
◦	Art - J - L
◦	Art - J
◦	Art - K
◦	Art - L
◦	Art - Leadership
◦	Art - Learning and Wisdom
◦	Art - Love
◦	Art - M - O
◦	Art - M
◦	Art - N
◦	Art - Nature and the Environment
◦	Art - O
◦	Art - P - R
◦	Art - P
◦	Art - Q
◦	Art - R
◦	Art - S - U
◦	Art - S
◦	Art - Stress and Pain
◦	Art - Success
◦	Art - T
◦	Art - U
◦	Art - V - Z
◦	Art - V
◦	Art - W
◦	Art - War
◦	Art - Work and Wealth
◦	Art - Workers and Unions
◦	Art - X
◦	Art - Y
◦	Art - Z

Films

◦	Films - A - C
◦	Films - A
◦	All Quiet on the Western Front (film) - War and Ethics
◦	All the President’s Men - Leadership and Ethics
◦	Apocalypse Now - War and Ethics
◦	Films - B
◦	The Battle of Algiers - Strategy and Terrorism
◦	Ben-Hur - Ethics and Leadership
◦	Billy Elliot - Success, Unions and Ethics
◦	The Birth of a Nation - Racism, Ethics and Leadership
◦	Blade Runner - Business Ethics and the Environment
◦	The Bridge on the River Kwai - Ethics and War
◦	Brief Encounter - Love and Ethics
◦	Films - C
◦	Casablanca - Ethics and Success
◦	Chariots of Fire - Success and Ethics
◦	Citizen Kane - Leadership and Ethics
◦	City Lights - Happiness and Success
◦	Films - D - F
◦	Films - D
◦	Dr. Strangelove - Leadership and Ethics
◦	Doctor Zhivago - Happiness and Ethics
◦	Films - E
◦	E.T. - Love and Ethics
◦	Films - F
◦	Films - G - I
◦	Films - G
◦	The Godfather - Leadership and Ethics
◦	Gone with the Wind - Success and Ethics
◦	The Graduate - Success and Ethics
◦	The Grapes of Wrath - Business Ethics and Corporate Social Responsibility
◦	Films - H
◦	High Noon - Leadership and Ethics
◦	How Green Was My Valley - Success, Ethics and Trade Unions
◦	Films - I
◦	It’s A Wonderful Life - Success and Ethics
◦	Films - J - L
◦	Films - J
◦	Films - K
◦	Films - L
◦	Love Story - Love and Ethics
◦	Films - M - O
◦	Films - M
◦	The Manchurian Candidate - Corporate Culture and Leadership
◦	Mr. Smith Goes to Washington - Success, Leadership and Ethics
◦	Modern Times - Management, Mass Production and Motivation
◦	Films - N
◦	Films - O
◦	On the Waterfront - Success, Ethics and Unions
◦	One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest - Leadership and Change
◦	Films - P - R
◦	Films - P
◦	Paths of Glory - Leadership and Ethics
◦	Patton - Leadership and Communication
◦	Pretty Woman - Business Ethics and Happiness
◦	Films - Q
◦	Films - R
◦	Raging Bull - Success and Ethics
◦	Rocky - Success and Ethics
◦	Films - S - U
◦	Films - S
◦	Saving Private Ryan - Success, Leadership and Ethics
◦	Schindler’s List - Ethics and the Holocaust
◦	The Searchers - Love and Ethics
◦	Serpico - Business Ethics and Whistle-blowing
◦	Silkwood - Business Ethics and Whistle-blowing
◦	Films - T
◦	Thirteen Days - Leadership and Ethics
◦	To Kill a Mockingbird (film) - Ethics and Racism
◦	Twelve Angry Men - Ethics and Leadership
◦	Films - U
◦	Up in the Air - Success and Business Ethics
◦	Films - V - Z
◦	Films - V
◦	Films - W
◦	Wall Street - Success and Business Ethics
◦	The Wizard of Oz - Success and Happiness
◦	Films - X
◦	Films - Y
◦	Films - Z

Best Business Books

◦	Best Business Books - A - C
◦	Best Business Books - A
◦	Scott Adams, The Dilbert Principle (1996)
◦	Chris Argyris and Donald Schön, Organizational Learning II (1996)
◦	Best Business Books - B
◦	Chester Barnard, The Functions of the Executive (1938)
◦	Christopher Bartlett and Sumantra Ghoshal, The Individualized Corporation (1997)
◦	Warren Bennis and Burt Nanus, Leaders (1985)
◦	Richard Nelson Bolles, What Colour Is Your Parachute? (1970)
◦	Best Business Books - C
◦	Dale Carnegie, How to Win Friends and Influence People (1936)
◦	Clayton Christensen, The Innovator’s Dilemma (1997)
◦	Jim Collins, Good to Great (2001)
◦	Jim Collins and Jerry Porras, Built to Last (1994)
◦	Stephen Covey, Principle-Centred Leadership (1992)
◦	Stephen Covey, The Seven Habits of Highly Effective People (1989)
◦	Best Business Books - D - F
◦	Best Business Books - D
◦	Edward de Bono, Lateral Thinking (1970)
◦	Edward de Bono, Six Thinking Hats (1985)
◦	W. Edwards Deming, Out of the Crisis (1982)
◦	Peter Drucker, Management: Tasks, Responsibilities, Practices (1973)
◦	Peter Drucker, The Practice of Management (1954)
◦	Best Business Books - E
◦	Best Business Books - F
◦	Mary Parker Follett, Dynamic Administration (1941)
◦	Henry Ford, My Life and Work (1922)
◦	Thomas Friedman, Lexus and the Olive Tree (1999)
◦	Milton and Rose Friedman, Capitalism and Freedom (1962)
◦	Best Business Books - G - I
◦	Best Business Books - G
◦	Lou Gerstner, Who Says Elephants Can’t Dance (2002)
◦	Daniel Goleman, Emotional Intelligence (1996)
◦	Lynda Gratton, Living Strategy (2000)
◦	Best Business Books - H
◦	Gary Hamel and CK Prahalad, Competing for the Future (1996)
◦	Charles Handy, The Age of Unreason (1989)
◦	Charles Handy, The Empty Raincoat (1994)
◦	Charles Handy, The Gods of Management (1985)
◦	Best Business Books - I
◦	Best Business Books - J - L
◦	Best Business Books - J
◦	Best Business Books - K
◦	Daniel Kahneman, Thinking, Fast and Slow (2011)
◦	Rosabeth Moss Kanter, The Change Masters (1984)
◦	John Kay, Foundations of Corporate Success (1993)
◦	W. Chan Kim and Renée Mauborgne, Blue Ocean Strategy (2005)
◦	Best Business Books - L
◦	Theodore (Ted) Levitt, The Marketing Imagination (1983)
◦	Best Business Books - M - O
◦	Best Business Books - M
◦	Douglas McGregor, The Human Side of Enterprise (1960)
◦	Best Business Books - N
◦	Best Business Books - O
◦	Kenichi Ohmae, The Borderless World (1990)
◦	Best Business Books - P - R
◦	Best Business Books - P
◦	Richard Pascale, Managing on the Edge (1990)
◦	Tom Peters and Robert Waterman, In Search of Excellence (1982)
◦	Michael Porter, Competitive Advantage (1985)
◦	Michael Porter, The Competitive Advantage of Nations (1990)
◦	Best Business Books - Q
◦	Best Business Books - R
◦	Best Business Books - S - U
◦	Best Business Books - S
◦	Ernst Friedrich (Fritz) Schumacher, Small is Beautiful (1973)
◦	Best Business Books - T
◦	Nassim Nicholas Taleb, The Black Swan (2007)
◦	Alvin Toffler, Future Shock (1970)
◦	Alvin Toffler, The Third Wave (1980)
◦	Best Business Books - U
◦	Best Business Books - V - Z
◦	Best Business Books - V
◦	Best Business Books - W
◦	Thomas Watson Jnr, A Business and Its Beliefs (1963)
◦	Jack Welch, Straight from the Gut (2001)
◦	Best Business Books - X
◦	Best Business Books - Y
◦	Best Business Books - Z

Business Quotations

◦	Business Quotations - A - C
◦	Business Quotations - A
◦	Advertising Quotes
◦	Age Quotes
◦	America Quotes
◦	Assertiveness Quotes
◦	Business Quotations - B
◦	Business Ethics Quotes
◦	Business Success Quotes
◦	Business Quotations - C
◦	Careers and Ambition Quotes
◦	Change and Change Management Quotes
◦	Communication Quotes
◦	Competitive Advantage Quotes
◦	Core Competencies Quotes
◦	Corporate Culture Quotes
◦	Corporate Social Responsibility Quotes
◦	Corporate Strategy Quotes
◦	Creativity Quotes
◦	Customers Quotes
◦	Business Quotations - D - F
◦	Business Quotations - D
◦	Death and Bereavement Quotes
◦	Decision Making Quotes
◦	Design and Product Design Quotes
◦	Business Quotations - E
◦	Economics Quotes
◦	Education and Training Quotes
◦	Emotional Intelligence Quotes
◦	Empowerment and Freedom Quotes
◦	Ethics and Integrity Quotes
◦	Business Quotations - F
◦	Family and Children Quotes
◦	Fear and Anxiety Quotes
◦	Finance and Accounting Quotes
◦	Business Quotations - G - I
◦	Business Quotations - G
◦	Globalization Quotes
◦	God and Religion Quotes
◦	Business Quotations - H
◦	Happiness Quotes
◦	Health Quotes
◦	Human Resource Management Quotes
◦	Business Quotations - I
◦	Influencing People Quotes
◦	Innovation Quotes
◦	Internet and Computers Quotes
◦	Interviewing and Selection Quotes
◦	Business Quotations - J - L
◦	Business Quotations - J
◦	Business Quotations - K
◦	Knowledge Management Quotes
◦	Business Quotations - L
◦	Law and Justice Quotes
◦	Leadership Quotes
◦	Learning and Wisdom Quotes
◦	Learning Organization Quotes
◦	Love Quotes
◦	Business Quotations - M - O
◦	Business Quotations - M
◦	Management Quotes
◦	Market Research and Buyer Behaviour Quotes
◦	Marketing Quotes
◦	Marriage Quotes
◦	Money and Investment Quotes
◦	Motivation Quotes
◦	Business Quotations - N
◦	Nature and Climate Change Quotes
◦	Negotiating Quotes
◦	Business Quotations - O
◦	Objectives and Vision Quotes
◦	Business Quotations - P - R
◦	Business Quotations - P
◦	Past, Present and Future Quotes
◦	Peace of Mind Quotes
◦	Politics and Government Quotes
◦	Positive Thinking Quotes
◦	Pricing Quotes
◦	Product Quotes
◦	Production Quotes
◦	Public Speaking Quotes
◦	Business Quotations - Q
◦	Quality Quotes
◦	Business Quotations - R
◦	Reading and Writing Quotes
◦	Relationships and Friendship Quotes
◦	Business Quotations - S - U
◦	Business Quotations - S
◦	Science and Technology Quotes
◦	Selling Quotes
◦	Service Profit Chain Quotes
◦	Sex Quotes
◦	Society Quotes
◦	Sport Quotes
◦	Stress and Pain Quotes
◦	Structure and Bureaucracy Quotes
◦	Success Quotes
◦	Business Quotations - T
◦	Teams and Committees Quotes
◦	Time Management Quotes
◦	Business Quotations - U
◦	Business Quotations - V - Z
◦	Business Quotations - V
◦	Business Quotations - W
◦	War Quotes
◦	Women and Men Quotes
◦	Work and Leisure Quotes
◦	Workers and Unions Quotes
◦	Business Quotations - X
◦	Business Quotations - Y
◦	Business Quotations - Z

History Highlights

◦	History Highlights - A - C
◦	History Highlights - A
◦	The American Declaration of Independence - Success and Happiness
◦	Anne Frank, the Holocaust and Influencing People
◦	The Assassination of Julius Caesar - Success, Leadership and Ethics
◦	History Highlights - B
◦	The Battle of Agincourt, Henry V and Leadership
◦	The Battle of Britain - Leadership and Strategy
◦	The Battle of Gettysburg - Leadership and Strategy
◦	The Battle of Hastings - Leadership and Strategy
◦	The Battle of the Overpass - Unions and Management
◦	The Battle of the Somme - Leadership and Strategy
◦	The Battle of Trafalgar - Nelson, Leadership and Strategy
◦	The Battle of Waterloo - Leadership and Strategy
◦	The British Miners’ Strike (1984-5) - Unions and Management
◦	History Highlights - C
◦	Chinese Invention of Printing - Creativity and Innovation
◦	History Highlights - D - F
◦	History Highlights - D
◦	D-Day - Leadership and Strategy
◦	History Highlights - E
◦	Emily Davison’s Death at the English Derby - Suffragettes and Women's Rights
◦	The Enlightenment - Learning, Happiness and Success
◦	History Highlights - F
◦	History Highlights - G - I
◦	History Highlights - G
◦	History Highlights - H
◦	Henry VIII’s Divorce - Leadership and Ethics
◦	History Highlights - I
◦	The Industrial Revolution - Management and Unions
◦	History Highlights - J - L
◦	History Highlights - J
◦	History Highlights - K
◦	History Highlights - L
◦	History Highlights - M - O
◦	History Highlights - M
◦	The March on Washington - Empowerment and Civil Rights
◦	History Highlights - N
◦	9/11 - Leadership and Strategy
◦	History Highlights - O
◦	History Highlights - P - R
◦	History Highlights - P
◦	History Highlights - Q
◦	History Highlights - R
◦	The Reformation - Religion and Ethics
◦	The Renaissance - Learning and Creativity
◦	History Highlights - S - U
◦	History Highlights - S
◦	The Salem Witch Trials - Learning and Ethics
◦	The South Sea Bubble - Business Ethics
◦	History Highlights - T
◦	The Trial and Death of Socrates - Learning and Ethics
◦	History Highlights - U
◦	History Highlights - V - Z
◦	History Highlights - V
◦	History Highlights - W
◦	The Wall Street Crash - Business Ethics
◦	History Highlights - X
◦	History Highlights - Y
◦	History Highlights - Z

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