Capital investment appraisal

Capital investment appraisal

Capital investment appraisal is...

Evaluating whether or not to buy a fixed asset (like property or equipment) based upon two main considerations:

• The total profits earned by the fixed asset over its useful life.

• How quickly the asset will pay off its cost and begin to contribute to profits.

A business’s cash problem will decide which factor is more important (e.g. a cash shortage will necessitate quicker profits).

How is it done?

Research shows that businesses use at least one of these four appraisal techniques:

1. Payback period (PP) Capital investment appraisal

This finds out the number of years it takes to recover the cost of the fixed asset from its earnings.

Such earnings are usually defined as:

the asset's net profits (before tax is paid) plus...

its depreciation (the amount deducted from the asset’s value for wear and tear).

Small businesses use this method more than the others.

2. Accounting rate of return (ARR) – the percentage rate of return on a fixed asset as follows:

Average net profit before tax x100%

Asset’s cost

Capital investment appraisal

3. Net present value (NPV) and Internal Rate of Return (IRR)

Using discounted cash flow (DCF) – see below.

Discounted Cash Flow (DCF)

The problem with PP and ARR above is that money received now (e.g. an asset’s earnings) is worth more than money received at a later date.

Why? Money received can be invested and earn interest.

Example

If $100 can be invested at 10% per year, then the value today (or the present value) of $110 received in one year’s time will be $100.

In other words, if $100 was invested today, it would become $110 in a year’s time (the original $100 plus $10 interest).

In DCF the rate of interest (10% in our example) is called the discount rate.

The present value of $1 of an asset’s earnings (for each year it is used) can be calculated as follows:

(1+r) ⁿ

where:

r = discount rate,

n = number of years after the purchase of the fixed asset that earnings occur.

The present values of the asset’s earnings are added up from which the asset’s cost is deducted. This gives its net present value (NPV), and the asset with the highest NPV will normally be chosen.

The Internal Rate of Return (IRR) method finds the discount rate at which the NPV is zero (the NPV will fall as the discount rate rises).

The fixed asset with the highest IRR will normally be chosen.

IRR and NPV are more commonly used by larger businesses.

An investment appraisal example

On 1 January 2012 a software company is faced with a choice between buying two computers (A & B).

We shall assume:

• Each computer costs $10,000.

• The expected useful life of each computer is four years.

• Their earnings are net profit (before paying any tax) plus depreciation (money put aside for eventually replacing the asset):

Computer A

Year	Net profit before tax ($)	Depreciation ($)	Total earnings ($)
2012	27,500	2,500	30,000
2013	27,500	2,500	30,000
2014	37,500	2,500	40,000
2015	37,500	2,500	40,000
	130,000

Total profit = $130,000

Computer B

Year	Net profit before tax ($)	Depreciation ($)	Total earnings ($)
2012	7,000	2,500	9,500
2013	27,500	2,500	30,000
2014	47,500	2,500	50,000
2015	57,500	2,500	60,000
	139,500

Total profit = $139,500

Payback method

Computer A pays for itself from earnings in 2012. But this doesn’t happen until 2013 for Computer B.

Decision: Choose Computer A.

Rate of return method

The rate of return is (average profit ÷ cost) x 100%:

Computer A

Average profit

= Total profit ÷ computer's useful life in years

= 130,000 ÷ 4

= 32,500.

% rate of return

= (32,500 ÷ 10,000) x 100%

= 325%

Computer B

Average profit

= 139,500 ÷ 4

= 34,875.

% rate of return

= (34,875 ÷ 10,000) x 100%

= 348.75%

Decision: Choose Computer B, which contradicts the payback decision! The company will go for Computer A, if it needs to pay off the computer as quickly as possible because of cash problems. Otherwise it will choose Computer B.

Net present value (NPV) method

Remember the present value of $1 earnings is 1 ÷ (1+ r)ⁿ ( we shall assume r, the discount rate, is 10%).

Example

Two years after purchase (n=2) the present value of $1 is

1÷(1+10%)² = 0.826

Present values at different discount rates can also be found in tables!.

NPV is total present value of earnings less the asset’s cost.

The NPV for each computer is:

Computer A

Year	Earnings (profit+ depreciation)	Present value ($1)	Present value of earnings
2012	30,000	0.909	27,270
2013	30,000	0.826	24,780
2014	40,000	0.751	30,040
2015	40,000	0.683	27,320
			109,410

NPV is total present value of earnings less the asset’s cost

= 109,410-10,000

= $99,410

Computer B

Year	Earnings	Present value ($1)	Present value of earnings
2012	9,500	0.909	8,636
2013	30,000	0.826	24,780
2014	50,000	0.751	37,550
2015	60,000	0.683	40,980
			111,946

NPV = 111,946 - 10,000

= $101,946

Decision: according to the NPV method Computer B should be chosen.

Key quotes explained

Capital investment appraisal

“A dollar today is worth more than a dollar tomorrow”

- Richard Brealey, pictured right,and Stewart Myers, pictured below (in their textbook, Principles of Finance). Capital investment appraisal

Today’s dollar is worth more because it can be invested immediately to earn interest.

They call this the first principle of finance, and the concept of present value is based upon it. Their second principle is “a safe dollar is worth more than a risky one”.

Capital investment appraisal

“Investing is laying out money to receive more money tomorrow”

-Warren Buffett (American stock market investor, pictured right).

Buffett’s basic principle of stock market investment also applies to investment in fixed assets.

“An inv Capital investment appraisal estment in knowledge always pays the best interest”

- Benjamin Franklin (American politician and businessman, pictured right).

Investment in knowledge is more important than investment for profit.

Best books

Capital investment appraisal

Richard Brealey and Stewart Myers, Principles of Corporate Finance (7th edition, 2003)

Financial managers have to decide what investments the organization should make and how it should pay for them, considering:

the timing of an investment’s earnings (short or longer term).

the level of risk.

different sources of finance (e.g. borrowing or share capital).

The concept of present value is crucial in investment decisions.

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◦	Psychologists - G
◦	Psychologists - H
◦	Psychologists - I
◦	Psychologists - J - L
◦	Psychologists - J
◦	William James - Psychology, Ethics, and Success
◦	Carl Jung - Psychology and Personality
◦	Psychologists - K
◦	Daniel Kahneman- Decision Making and Happiness
◦	Psychologists - L
◦	Kurt Lewin - Psychology, Leadership and Change
◦	Psychologists - M - O
◦	Psychologists - M
◦	Abraham Maslow - Humanistic Psychology and Hierarchy of Needs
◦	Psychologists - N
◦	Psychologists - O
◦	Psychologists - P - R
◦	Psychologists - P
◦	Ivan Pavlov - Psychology and Learning
◦	Fritz Perls - Psychology and Gestalt Therapy
◦	Jean Piaget - Psychology and Learning
◦	Steven Pinker - Psychology and Learning
◦	Psychologists - Q
◦	Psychologists - R
◦	Carl Rogers - Psychology, Psychotherapy and Happiness
◦	Psychologists - S - U
◦	Psychologists - S
◦	M. Scott Peck - Psychology and Spiritual Growth
◦	Martin Seligman - Positive Psychology and Success
◦	Hans Selye - Psychology and Stress
◦	B-F-Skinner - Psychology, Learning and Motivation
◦	Psychologists - T
◦	Psychologists - U
◦	Psychologists - V - Z
◦	Psychologists - V
◦	Psychologists - W
◦	Psychologists - X
◦	Psychologists - Y
◦	Psychologists - Z

Scientists & Inventors

◦	Scientists and Inventors - A - C
◦	Scientists and Inventors - A
◦	Archimedes - Creativity and Science
◦	Scientists and Inventors - B
◦	Alexander Graham Bell - Creativity and Invention
◦	Tim Berners-Lee - Creativity and the Internet
◦	Isambard Kingdom Brunel - Creativity and Engineering
◦	Scientists and Inventors - C
◦	Francis Crick and James Watson - Creativity and Science
◦	Marie Curie - Creativity and Science
◦	Scientists and Inventors - D - F
◦	Scientists and Inventors - D
◦	Charles Darwin - Creativity and Science
◦	Richard Dawkins - Creativity and Science
◦	James Dyson - Creativity and Innovation
◦	Scientists and Inventors - E
◦	Thomas Edison - Creativity and Innovation
◦	Albert Einstein - Creativity and Science
◦	Scientists and Inventors - F
◦	Michael Faraday - Creativity and Science
◦	Scientists and Inventors - G - I
◦	Scientists and Inventors - G
◦	Galileo - Creativity and Science
◦	Scientists and Inventors - H
◦	Stephen Hawking - Creativity and Science
◦	Hippocrates - Medicine and Health
◦	Scientists and Inventors - I
◦	Scientists and Inventors - J - L
◦	Scientists and Inventors - J
◦	Scientists and Inventors - K
◦	Scientists and Inventors - L
◦	Antoine Lavoisier - Creativity and Science
◦	Scientists and Inventors - M - O
◦	Scientists and Inventors - M
◦	Scientists and Inventors - N
◦	Isaac Newton - Creativity and Science
◦	Scientists and Inventors - O
◦	Scientists and Inventors - P - R
◦	Scientists and Inventors - P
◦	Louis Pasteur - Creativity and Science
◦	Henri Poincaré - Change and Chaos
◦	Scientists and Inventors - Q
◦	Scientists and Inventors - R
◦	Scientists and Inventors - S - U
◦	Scientists and Inventors - S
◦	Scientists and Inventors - T
◦	Scientists and Inventors - U
◦	Scientists and Inventors - V - Z
◦	Scientists and Inventors - V
◦	Scientists and Inventors - W
◦	Orville and Wilbur Wright - Creativity and Innovation
◦	Scientists and Inventors - X
◦	Scientists and Inventors - Y
◦	Scientists and Inventors - Z

Writers, Artists & Designers

◦	Writers, Artists and Designers - A - C
◦	Writers, Artists and Designers - A
◦	Jane Austen - Creativity and Writing
◦	Writers, Artists and Designers - B
◦	Ludwig van Beethoven - Creativity and Music
◦	The Brontë sisters - Creativity and Writing
◦	Writers, Artists and Designers - C
◦	Terence Conran - Creativity and Design
◦	Writers, Artists and Designers - D - F
◦	Writers, Artists and Designers - D
◦	Charles Dickens - Creativity and Writing
◦	Writers, Artists and Designers - E
◦	Writers, Artists and Designers - F
◦	Writers, Artists and Designers - G - I
◦	Writers, Artists and Designers - G
◦	Writers, Artists and Designers - H
◦	Writers, Artists and Designers - I
◦	Writers, Artists and Designers - J - L
◦	Writers, Artists and Designers - J
◦	Elton John - Creativity and Music
◦	Writers, Artists and Designers - K
◦	Writers, Artists and Designers - L
◦	John Lennon and Paul McCartney - Creativity and Music
◦	Leonardo da Vinci - Creativity and Art
◦	Raymond Loewy - Creativity and Design
◦	Writers, Artists and Designers - M - O
◦	Writers, Artists and Designers - M
◦	Michelangelo - Creativity and Art
◦	Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart - Creativity and Music
◦	Writers, Artists and Designers - N
◦	Writers, Artists and Designers - O
◦	Writers, Artists and Designers - P - R
◦	Writers, Artists and Designers - P
◦	Nick Park - Creativity and Films
◦	Pablo Picasso - Creativity and Art
◦	Marcel Proust - Success and Happiness
◦	Writers, Artists and Designers - Q
◦	Writers, Artists and Designers - R
◦	Richard Rodgers and Oscar Hammerstein - Creativity and Music
◦	Richard Rogers - Creativity and Business Success
◦	J.K.Rowling - Creativity and Writing
◦	John Ruskin - Creativity and Art
◦	Writers, Artists and Designers - S - U
◦	Writers, Artists and Designers - S
◦	William Shakespeare - Creativity and Writing
◦	Steven Spielberg - Creativity and Films
◦	Writers, Artists and Designers - T
◦	Writers, Artists and Designers - U
◦	Writers, Artists and Designers - V - Z
◦	Writers, Artists and Designers - V
◦	Vincent van Gogh - Creativity and Art
◦	Writers, Artists and Designers - W
◦	William Wordsworth - Creativity and Writing
◦	Frank Lloyd Wright - Creativity and Architecture
◦	Writers, Artists and Designers - X
◦	Writers, Artists and Designers - Y
◦	Writers, Artists and Designers - Z

Company Case Studies

◦	Company Case Studies - A - C
◦	Company Case Studies - A
◦	Amazon.com - Employees, Unions and Customer Satisfaction
◦	Apple - Innovation, Design and Customer Satisfaction
◦	Company Case Studies - B
◦	BBC - Quality, Creativity and Customer Satisfaction
◦	BMW - Production, Quality and Innovation
◦	Company Case Studies - C
◦	The Co-operative Group - Business Ethics and Customer Satisfaction
◦	Company Case Studies - D - F
◦	Company Case Studies - D
◦	Company Case Studies - E
◦	Company Case Studies - F
◦	Company Case Studies - G - I
◦	Company Case Studies - G
◦	Company Case Studies - H
◦	Company Case Studies - I
◦	Company Case Studies - J - L
◦	Company Case Studies - J
◦	Company Case Studies - K
◦	Company Case Studies - L
◦	Company Case Studies - M - O
◦	Company Case Studies - M
◦	Manchester United - Cash, Costs and Customer Satisfaction
◦	McDonald’s - Globalization, Culture and Strategy
◦	Company Case Studies - N
◦	Company Case Studies - O
◦	Company Case Studies - P - R
◦	Company Case Studies - P
◦	Company Case Studies - Q
◦	Company Case Studies - R
◦	Company Case Studies - S - U
◦	Company Case Studies - S
◦	Company Case Studies - T
◦	Tesco - Business Success, Leadership and Motivation
◦	Company Case Studies - U
◦	Company Case Studies - V - Z
◦	Company Case Studies - V
◦	Company Case Studies - W
◦	Company Case Studies - X
◦	Company Case Studies - Y
◦	Company Case Studies - Z

Books

◦	Books - A - C
◦	Books - A
◦	The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn - Ethics and Racism
◦	Aesop’s Fables - Success and Ethics
◦	All Quiet on the Western Front - War and Leadership
◦	Animal Farm - Leadership and Change
◦	Anna Karenina - Ethics and Love
◦	Atlas Shrugged - Corporate Social Responsibility
◦	Books - B
◦	Bleak House - Life, Work and Ethics
◦	Brave New World - The Future of Life and Work
◦	Books - C
◦	Catch-22 - People and Management
◦	The Catcher in the Rye - Happiness and Ethics
◦	Crime and Punishment- Happiness and Ethics
◦	The Crucible - Ethics, Leadership and Success
◦	Books - D - F
◦	Books - D
◦	David Copperfield - Success and Ethics
◦	Death of a Salesman - Success and Happiness
◦	Books - E
◦	Emma - Success and Ethics
◦	Books - F
◦	The Fountainhead and Success
◦	Books - G - I
◦	Books - G
◦	The Grapes of Wrath - Corporate Social Responsibility
◦	Great Expectations - Success, Happiness and Ethics
◦	The Great Gatsby - Happiness and Success
◦	Books - H
◦	Hard Times - Business Ethics and Happiness
◦	Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone - Success and Ethics
◦	Books - I
◦	Books - J - L
◦	Books - J
◦	Jane Eyre - Women, Ethics and Success
◦	Books - K
◦	Books - L
◦	The Last Tycoon - Leadership
◦	The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe - Ethics and Success
◦	Lord of the Flies - Leadership
◦	The Lord of the Rings - Success and Leadership
◦	Books - M - O
◦	Books - M
◦	The Mayor of Casterbridge - Leadership and Ethics
◦	Middlemarch - Happiness and Success
◦	Moby-Dick - Leadership
◦	Books - N
◦	Nineteen Eighty-Four - Success and Leadership
◦	Books - O
◦	Of Mice and Men - Success and Happiness
◦	Oliver Twist - Success and Ethics
◦	Books - P - R
◦	Books - P
◦	The Pearl - Happiness and Success
◦	The Pilgrim’s Progress - Religion and Ethics
◦	Pride and Prejudice - Love and Success
◦	Books - Q
◦	Books - R
◦	The Red Badge of Courage - Success and Ethics
◦	Roll of Thunder, Hear my Cry - Success and Ethics
◦	Books - S - U
◦	Books - S
◦	The Scarlet Letter - Happiness and Ethics
◦	Sense and Sensibility - Success and Influence
◦	Sons and Lovers - Family and Happiness
◦	Sophie’s World - Philosophy and Happiness
◦	Books - T
◦	To Kill a Mockingbird - Racism and Ethics
◦	Books - U
◦	Ulysses - Success, Happiness and Ethics
◦	Uncle Tom’s Cabin - Racism and Ethics
◦	Books - V - Z
◦	Books - V
◦	Books - W
◦	War and Peace - Leadership and Change
◦	Wuthering Heights - Love and Success
◦	Books - X
◦	Books - Y
◦	Books - Z

Shakespeare

◦	Shakespeare - A - C
◦	Shakespeare - A
◦	Shakespeare's Antony and Cleopatra - Success and Leadership
◦	Shakespeare - B
◦	Shakespeare - C
◦	Shakespeare's Julius Caesar - Leadership and Change
◦	Shakespeare's Corialanus - Leadership and Ethics
◦	Shakespeare - D - F
◦	Shakespeare - D
◦	Shakespeare - E
◦	Shakespeare - F
◦	Shakespeare - G - I
◦	Shakespeare - G
◦	Shakespeare - H
◦	Shakespeare's Hamlet - Success and Ethics
◦	Shakespeare's Henry IV Parts 1 and 2 - Leadership and Change
◦	Shakespeare's Henry V - Leadership and Ethics
◦	Shakespeare's Henry VIII - Leadership and Ethics
◦	Shakespeare - I
◦	Shakespeare - J - L
◦	Shakespeare - J
◦	Shakespeare - K
◦	Shakespeare's King Lear - Success and Ethics
◦	Shakespeare - L
◦	Shakespeare - M - O
◦	Shakespeare - M
◦	Shakespeare's Macbeth - Happiness and Success
◦	Shakespeare's Measure for Measure - Leadership and Ethics
◦	Shakespeare's The Merchant of Venice - Success and Ethics
◦	Shakespeare's A Midsummer Night’s Dream - Happiness and Ethics
◦	Shakespeare - N
◦	Shakespeare - O
◦	Shakespeare's Othello - Leadership and Ethics
◦	Shakespeare - P - R
◦	Shakespeare - P
◦	Shakespeare - Q
◦	Shakespeare - R
◦	Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet - Love and Happiness
◦	Shakespeare - S - U
◦	Shakespeare - S
◦	Shakespeare - T
◦	Shakespeare's The Tempest - Managing Change
◦	Shakespeare's Timon of Athens - Money and Ethics
◦	Shakespeare's Twelfth Night - Happiness and Ethics
◦	Shakespeare - U
◦	Shakespeare - V - Z
◦	Shakespeare - V
◦	Shakespeare - W
◦	Shakespeare - X
◦	Shakespeare - Y
◦	Shakespeare - Z

Poetry

◦	Poetry - A - C
◦	Poetry - A
◦	Poetry - B
◦	Poetry - C
◦	Poetry - Change
◦	Poetry - Creativity and Innovation
◦	Poetry - D - F
◦	Poetry - D
◦	Poetry - Death
◦	Poetry - E
◦	Poetry - Empowerment and motivation
◦	Poetry - Ethics
◦	Poetry - F
◦	Poetry - Family and Friends
◦	Poetry - G - I
◦	Poetry - G
◦	Poetry - God and Religion
◦	Poetry - H
◦	Poetry - Happiness
◦	Poetry - The Holocaust and World War Two
◦	Poetry - I
◦	Poetry - Influencing people
◦	Poetry - J - L
◦	Poetry - J
◦	Poetry - K
◦	Poetry - L
◦	Poetry - Leadership
◦	Poetry - Learning and Wisdom
◦	Poetry - Love
◦	Poetry - M - O
◦	Poetry - M
◦	Poetry - N
◦	Poetry - Nature and the Environment
◦	Poetry - O
◦	Poetry - Objectives and Purpose
◦	Poetry - Old Age
◦	Poetry - P - R
◦	Poetry - P
◦	Poetry - Positive Thinking and Assertiveness
◦	Poetry - Q
◦	Poetry - R
◦	Poetry - S - U
◦	Poetry - S
◦	Poetry - Stress and Pain
◦	Poetry - Success
◦	Poetry - T
◦	Poetry - Time Management
◦	Poetry - U
◦	Poetry - V - Z
◦	Poetry - V
◦	Poetry - W
◦	Poetry - War
◦	Poetry - Work and Workers
◦	Poetry - Women and Men
◦	Poetry - X
◦	Poetry - Y
◦	Poetry - Z

Art

◦	Art - A - C
◦	Art - A
◦	Art - B
◦	Art - Business Success and Motivation
◦	Art - C
◦	Art - Change
◦	Art - Creativity, Innovation and Science
◦	Art - D - F
◦	Art - D
◦	Art - E
◦	Art - Ethics
◦	Art - F
◦	Art - Family and friends
◦	Art - G - I
◦	Art - G
◦	Art - God and religion
◦	Art - H
◦	Art - Happiness
◦	Art - The Holocaust
◦	Art - I
◦	Art - J - L
◦	Art - J
◦	Art - K
◦	Art - L
◦	Art - Leadership
◦	Art - Learning and Wisdom
◦	Art - Love
◦	Art - M - O
◦	Art - M
◦	Art - N
◦	Art - Nature and the Environment
◦	Art - O
◦	Art - P - R
◦	Art - P
◦	Art - Q
◦	Art - R
◦	Art - S - U
◦	Art - S
◦	Art - Stress and Pain
◦	Art - Success
◦	Art - T
◦	Art - U
◦	Art - V - Z
◦	Art - V
◦	Art - W
◦	Art - War
◦	Art - Work and Wealth
◦	Art - Workers and Unions
◦	Art - X
◦	Art - Y
◦	Art - Z

Films

◦	Films - A - C
◦	Films - A
◦	All Quiet on the Western Front (film) - War and Ethics
◦	All the President’s Men - Leadership and Ethics
◦	Apocalypse Now - War and Ethics
◦	Films - B
◦	The Battle of Algiers - Strategy and Terrorism
◦	Ben-Hur - Ethics and Leadership
◦	Billy Elliot - Success, Unions and Ethics
◦	The Birth of a Nation - Racism, Ethics and Leadership
◦	Blade Runner - Business Ethics and the Environment
◦	The Bridge on the River Kwai - Ethics and War
◦	Brief Encounter - Love and Ethics
◦	Films - C
◦	Casablanca - Ethics and Success
◦	Chariots of Fire - Success and Ethics
◦	Citizen Kane - Leadership and Ethics
◦	City Lights - Happiness and Success
◦	Films - D - F
◦	Films - D
◦	Dr. Strangelove - Leadership and Ethics
◦	Doctor Zhivago - Happiness and Ethics
◦	Films - E
◦	E.T. - Love and Ethics
◦	Films - F
◦	Films - G - I
◦	Films - G
◦	The Godfather - Leadership and Ethics
◦	Gone with the Wind - Success and Ethics
◦	The Graduate - Success and Ethics
◦	The Grapes of Wrath - Business Ethics and Corporate Social Responsibility
◦	Films - H
◦	High Noon - Leadership and Ethics
◦	How Green Was My Valley - Success, Ethics and Trade Unions
◦	Films - I
◦	It’s A Wonderful Life - Success and Ethics
◦	Films - J - L
◦	Films - J
◦	Films - K
◦	Films - L
◦	Love Story - Love and Ethics
◦	Films - M - O
◦	Films - M
◦	The Manchurian Candidate - Corporate Culture and Leadership
◦	Mr. Smith Goes to Washington - Success, Leadership and Ethics
◦	Modern Times - Management, Mass Production and Motivation
◦	Films - N
◦	Films - O
◦	On the Waterfront - Success, Ethics and Unions
◦	One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest - Leadership and Change
◦	Films - P - R
◦	Films - P
◦	Paths of Glory - Leadership and Ethics
◦	Patton - Leadership and Communication
◦	Pretty Woman - Business Ethics and Happiness
◦	Films - Q
◦	Films - R
◦	Raging Bull - Success and Ethics
◦	Rocky - Success and Ethics
◦	Films - S - U
◦	Films - S
◦	Saving Private Ryan - Success, Leadership and Ethics
◦	Schindler’s List - Ethics and the Holocaust
◦	The Searchers - Love and Ethics
◦	Serpico - Business Ethics and Whistle-blowing
◦	Silkwood - Business Ethics and Whistle-blowing
◦	Films - T
◦	Thirteen Days - Leadership and Ethics
◦	To Kill a Mockingbird (film) - Ethics and Racism
◦	Twelve Angry Men - Ethics and Leadership
◦	Films - U
◦	Up in the Air - Success and Business Ethics
◦	Films - V - Z
◦	Films - V
◦	Films - W
◦	Wall Street - Success and Business Ethics
◦	The Wizard of Oz - Success and Happiness
◦	Films - X
◦	Films - Y
◦	Films - Z

Best Business Books

◦	Best Business Books - A - C
◦	Best Business Books - A
◦	Scott Adams, The Dilbert Principle (1996)
◦	Chris Argyris and Donald Schön, Organizational Learning II (1996)
◦	Best Business Books - B
◦	Chester Barnard, The Functions of the Executive (1938)
◦	Christopher Bartlett and Sumantra Ghoshal, The Individualized Corporation (1997)
◦	Warren Bennis and Burt Nanus, Leaders (1985)
◦	Richard Nelson Bolles, What Colour Is Your Parachute? (1970)
◦	Best Business Books - C
◦	Dale Carnegie, How to Win Friends and Influence People (1936)
◦	Clayton Christensen, The Innovator’s Dilemma (1997)
◦	Jim Collins, Good to Great (2001)
◦	Jim Collins and Jerry Porras, Built to Last (1994)
◦	Stephen Covey, Principle-Centred Leadership (1992)
◦	Stephen Covey, The Seven Habits of Highly Effective People (1989)
◦	Best Business Books - D - F
◦	Best Business Books - D
◦	Edward de Bono, Lateral Thinking (1970)
◦	Edward de Bono, Six Thinking Hats (1985)
◦	W. Edwards Deming, Out of the Crisis (1982)
◦	Peter Drucker, Management: Tasks, Responsibilities, Practices (1973)
◦	Peter Drucker, The Practice of Management (1954)
◦	Best Business Books - E
◦	Best Business Books - F
◦	Mary Parker Follett, Dynamic Administration (1941)
◦	Henry Ford, My Life and Work (1922)
◦	Thomas Friedman, Lexus and the Olive Tree (1999)
◦	Milton and Rose Friedman, Capitalism and Freedom (1962)
◦	Best Business Books - G - I
◦	Best Business Books - G
◦	Lou Gerstner, Who Says Elephants Can’t Dance (2002)
◦	Daniel Goleman, Emotional Intelligence (1996)
◦	Lynda Gratton, Living Strategy (2000)
◦	Best Business Books - H
◦	Gary Hamel and CK Prahalad, Competing for the Future (1996)
◦	Charles Handy, The Age of Unreason (1989)
◦	Charles Handy, The Empty Raincoat (1994)
◦	Charles Handy, The Gods of Management (1985)
◦	Best Business Books - I
◦	Best Business Books - J - L
◦	Best Business Books - J
◦	Best Business Books - K
◦	Daniel Kahneman, Thinking, Fast and Slow (2011)
◦	Rosabeth Moss Kanter, The Change Masters (1984)
◦	John Kay, Foundations of Corporate Success (1993)
◦	W. Chan Kim and Renée Mauborgne, Blue Ocean Strategy (2005)
◦	Best Business Books - L
◦	Theodore (Ted) Levitt, The Marketing Imagination (1983)
◦	Best Business Books - M - O
◦	Best Business Books - M
◦	Douglas McGregor, The Human Side of Enterprise (1960)
◦	Best Business Books - N
◦	Best Business Books - O
◦	Kenichi Ohmae, The Borderless World (1990)
◦	Best Business Books - P - R
◦	Best Business Books - P
◦	Richard Pascale, Managing on the Edge (1990)
◦	Tom Peters and Robert Waterman, In Search of Excellence (1982)
◦	Michael Porter, Competitive Advantage (1985)
◦	Michael Porter, The Competitive Advantage of Nations (1990)
◦	Best Business Books - Q
◦	Best Business Books - R
◦	Best Business Books - S - U
◦	Best Business Books - S
◦	Ernst Friedrich (Fritz) Schumacher, Small is Beautiful (1973)
◦	Best Business Books - T
◦	Nassim Nicholas Taleb, The Black Swan (2007)
◦	Alvin Toffler, Future Shock (1970)
◦	Alvin Toffler, The Third Wave (1980)
◦	Best Business Books - U
◦	Best Business Books - V - Z
◦	Best Business Books - V
◦	Best Business Books - W
◦	Thomas Watson Jnr, A Business and Its Beliefs (1963)
◦	Jack Welch, Straight from the Gut (2001)
◦	Best Business Books - X
◦	Best Business Books - Y
◦	Best Business Books - Z

Business Quotations

◦	Business Quotations - A - C
◦	Business Quotations - A
◦	Advertising Quotes
◦	Age Quotes
◦	America Quotes
◦	Assertiveness Quotes
◦	Business Quotations - B
◦	Business Ethics Quotes
◦	Business Success Quotes
◦	Business Quotations - C
◦	Careers and Ambition Quotes
◦	Change and Change Management Quotes
◦	Communication Quotes
◦	Competitive Advantage Quotes
◦	Core Competencies Quotes
◦	Corporate Culture Quotes
◦	Corporate Social Responsibility Quotes
◦	Corporate Strategy Quotes
◦	Creativity Quotes
◦	Customers Quotes
◦	Business Quotations - D - F
◦	Business Quotations - D
◦	Death and Bereavement Quotes
◦	Decision Making Quotes
◦	Design and Product Design Quotes
◦	Business Quotations - E
◦	Economics Quotes
◦	Education and Training Quotes
◦	Emotional Intelligence Quotes
◦	Empowerment and Freedom Quotes
◦	Ethics and Integrity Quotes
◦	Business Quotations - F
◦	Family and Children Quotes
◦	Fear and Anxiety Quotes
◦	Finance and Accounting Quotes
◦	Business Quotations - G - I
◦	Business Quotations - G
◦	Globalization Quotes
◦	God and Religion Quotes
◦	Business Quotations - H
◦	Happiness Quotes
◦	Health Quotes
◦	Human Resource Management Quotes
◦	Business Quotations - I
◦	Influencing People Quotes
◦	Innovation Quotes
◦	Internet and Computers Quotes
◦	Interviewing and Selection Quotes
◦	Business Quotations - J - L
◦	Business Quotations - J
◦	Business Quotations - K
◦	Knowledge Management Quotes
◦	Business Quotations - L
◦	Law and Justice Quotes
◦	Leadership Quotes
◦	Learning and Wisdom Quotes
◦	Learning Organization Quotes
◦	Love Quotes
◦	Business Quotations - M - O
◦	Business Quotations - M
◦	Management Quotes
◦	Market Research and Buyer Behaviour Quotes
◦	Marketing Quotes
◦	Marriage Quotes
◦	Money and Investment Quotes
◦	Motivation Quotes
◦	Business Quotations - N
◦	Nature and Climate Change Quotes
◦	Negotiating Quotes
◦	Business Quotations - O
◦	Objectives and Vision Quotes
◦	Business Quotations - P - R
◦	Business Quotations - P
◦	Past, Present and Future Quotes
◦	Peace of Mind Quotes
◦	Politics and Government Quotes
◦	Positive Thinking Quotes
◦	Pricing Quotes
◦	Product Quotes
◦	Production Quotes
◦	Public Speaking Quotes
◦	Business Quotations - Q
◦	Quality Quotes
◦	Business Quotations - R
◦	Reading and Writing Quotes
◦	Relationships and Friendship Quotes
◦	Business Quotations - S - U
◦	Business Quotations - S
◦	Science and Technology Quotes
◦	Selling Quotes
◦	Service Profit Chain Quotes
◦	Sex Quotes
◦	Society Quotes
◦	Sport Quotes
◦	Stress and Pain Quotes
◦	Structure and Bureaucracy Quotes
◦	Success Quotes
◦	Business Quotations - T
◦	Teams and Committees Quotes
◦	Time Management Quotes
◦	Business Quotations - U
◦	Business Quotations - V - Z
◦	Business Quotations - V
◦	Business Quotations - W
◦	War Quotes
◦	Women and Men Quotes
◦	Work and Leisure Quotes
◦	Workers and Unions Quotes
◦	Business Quotations - X
◦	Business Quotations - Y
◦	Business Quotations - Z

History Highlights

◦	History Highlights - A - C
◦	History Highlights - A
◦	The American Declaration of Independence - Success and Happiness
◦	Anne Frank, the Holocaust and Influencing People
◦	The Assassination of Julius Caesar - Success, Leadership and Ethics
◦	History Highlights - B
◦	The Battle of Agincourt, Henry V and Leadership
◦	The Battle of Britain - Leadership and Strategy
◦	The Battle of Gettysburg - Leadership and Strategy
◦	The Battle of Hastings - Leadership and Strategy
◦	The Battle of the Overpass - Unions and Management
◦	The Battle of the Somme - Leadership and Strategy
◦	The Battle of Trafalgar - Nelson, Leadership and Strategy
◦	The Battle of Waterloo - Leadership and Strategy
◦	The British Miners’ Strike (1984-5) - Unions and Management
◦	History Highlights - C
◦	Chinese Invention of Printing - Creativity and Innovation
◦	History Highlights - D - F
◦	History Highlights - D
◦	D-Day - Leadership and Strategy
◦	History Highlights - E
◦	Emily Davison’s Death at the English Derby - Suffragettes and Women's Rights
◦	The Enlightenment - Learning, Happiness and Success
◦	History Highlights - F
◦	History Highlights - G - I
◦	History Highlights - G
◦	History Highlights - H
◦	Henry VIII’s Divorce - Leadership and Ethics
◦	History Highlights - I
◦	The Industrial Revolution - Management and Unions
◦	History Highlights - J - L
◦	History Highlights - J
◦	History Highlights - K
◦	History Highlights - L
◦	History Highlights - M - O
◦	History Highlights - M
◦	The March on Washington - Empowerment and Civil Rights
◦	History Highlights - N
◦	9/11 - Leadership and Strategy
◦	History Highlights - O
◦	History Highlights - P - R
◦	History Highlights - P
◦	History Highlights - Q
◦	History Highlights - R
◦	The Reformation - Religion and Ethics
◦	The Renaissance - Learning and Creativity
◦	History Highlights - S - U
◦	History Highlights - S
◦	The Salem Witch Trials - Learning and Ethics
◦	The South Sea Bubble - Business Ethics
◦	History Highlights - T
◦	The Trial and Death of Socrates - Learning and Ethics
◦	History Highlights - U
◦	History Highlights - V - Z
◦	History Highlights - V
◦	History Highlights - W
◦	The Wall Street Crash - Business Ethics
◦	History Highlights - X
◦	History Highlights - Y
◦	History Highlights - Z

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