The Battle of the Overpass - Unions and Management

The Battle of the Overpass - Unions and Management

The Battle of the Overpass (1937)

Famous for...

Four men being beaten up and badly injured on 26th May 1937 (pictured right) by around 40 of the Ford Motor Company’s security men.

Where did it happen?

On a pedestrian overpass (or bridge) outside Ford's River Rouge factory, near Detroit, USA.

What were the four victims doing?

Distributing to Ford’s workers labour (or trade) union recruitment leaflets (for the car workers’ union, the United Automobile Workers, UAW)

A labour (or trade) union is...

An organization that promotes the interests of its members.

So its main aim is recognition, the power to negotiate (or jointly decide) its members’ pay and working conditions with employers in a process called collective bargaining.

The four injured men wanted Ford to recognize the UAW in this way.

The four men were...

The Battle of the Overpass - Unions and Management

Walter Reuther

(who became leader of the UAW in 1946, pictured right).

Richard Merriweather

(who had his back broken).

The Battle of the Overpass - Unions and Management

Richard Frankensteen

(pictured right).

Ralph Dunham

Their opponents were...

The Battle of the Overpass - Unions and Management

Henry Ford (pictured right)

Ford’s strongly anti-union founder and boss.

Harry Bennett (pictured right) The Battle of the Overpass - Unions and Management

Ford’s labour relations boss

Bennett:

hired thugs to beat up union organizers.

had links with the Mafia (one of them was in the Battle of the Overpass).

Why the battle was important

The Battle of the Overpass - Unions and Management

1. Bad publicity

Photographs of the battle were published nationally and lost Ford public support.

Scotty Kilpatrick (pictured right) won the Pulitzer Prize for the photographs.

2. Power

Henry Ford and his managers believed in:

a) anti-unionism

Ford didn’t want the UAW:

interfering in his company.

having negotiating rights over pay and working conditions.

The Battle of the Overpass - Unions and Management

b) F.W. Taylor’s (pictured right) scientific management

This is based upon:

strict worker control and supervision.

mass production.

This is sometimes called Fordism,

c) autocratic management

Telling workers what to do without union interference.

3. Workers’ welfare

Ford workers were badly treated – see next section.

Why was work at Ford so bad?

The Battle of the Overpass - Unions and Management

1. Assembly line (pictured right in 1913)

Workers had to do boring, repetitive, noisy jobs on the line very quickly (famously caricatured by Charlie Chaplin in his 1936 film, Modern Times).

Worst of all, they couldn’t control the line’s speed.

2.Spying

Ford hired spies to discover:

union organizers.

talking on the job (which was banned).

time wasting (there were even TV cameras in the toilets!).

3.Stress

Strain and anxiety gave workers stomach trouble (called the “Ford Stomach”).

4. Pay

In 1914 Henry Ford gave his workers a huge $5 a day.

But by 1937 other car manufacturers (like his big rival, General Motors) had caught up.

5. Management

Ford’s managers were:

ruthless.

strict.

violently anti-union.

Falling sales of Ford’s Model T led to:

mass redundancies.

price cuts (resulting in extra pressure on workers to produce more cars).

Key events in American labour union history 1806-1922

1806 Commonwealth v. Pullis

Court case declaring that unions were illegal (a decision reversed by Commonwealth v. Hunt in 1842).

1877 Railway strike

Ended with the help of government troops.

1877 Hanging of ten Irish American coal mining activists in Pennsylvania

They were members of the “Molly Maguires”, a secret worker organization.

1886 The Haymarket Bombing

Strikers (protesting for an eight hour day) were:

bombed in Haymarket Square, Chicago.

attacked by police.

1894 Pullman strike

Two month unsuccessful strike by Pullman railway workers, ended by:

government troops.

imprisonment of the strike leaders (including Eugene Debs, pictured right, who helped found America’s first industrial union, the American Railway Union in 1893).

1902 Coal strike

Gains miners a:

10% pay rise.

nine hour day.

1912 Lawrence textile strike

Successful strike (largely by women) in Lawrence, Massachusetts.

1913 Paterson strike

A strike by silk industry workers in Paterson, New Jersey, who are starved into submission.

1914 The Ludlow Massacre

Striking miners in Ludlow, Colorado, are machine gunned, killing:

five men.

two women.

12 children.

1919-20 Steel workers’ strike

Unsuccessful strike to win union recognition.

1922 National railway strike

Also unsuccessful.

Key union events before the Battle of the Overpass

The Battle of the Overpass - Unions and Management

1932 Ford Hunger March (pictured right)

3,000 hungry protesters (mainly unemployed) attacked by police and Ford’s security guards, near Ford’s River Rouge factory in Detroit .

Five were killed and over 60 injured.

1935 The United Automobile Workers union (UAW) founded

1935 The National Labour Relations Act (often called the Wagner Act)

Requires employers to negotiate with unions supported by employees.

1936-7 Sit-down strikes at General Motors (pictured right) and Chrysler

Forced Ford's two main competitors to negotiate pay and working conditions with the UAW.

What happened after the Battle of the Overpass

The Battle of the Overpass - Unions and Management

1941 A strike at Ford

Forces Henry Ford (whose reputation was badly damaged by the battle) to accept and negotiate with the UAW.

He was encouraged to do so by his:

son, Edsel (pictured right above).

wife, Clara (pictured right).

1946 Walter Reuther elected as leader of the UAW

1947 Taft-Hartley Act

An anti-union law that banned:

closed shops (which had forced employers to hire only union members).

mass picketing (that prevented non-union members going to work).

secondary picketing (of companies not directly involved in a dispute).

some forms of strike action (e.g. political strikes).

1948 Walter Reuther's assassination attempt

Reuther was seriously wounded.

1955 AFL-CIO merger

Merger of America’s two largest union organizations - the:

AFL (American Federation of Labour).

CIO (Congress of Industrial Organizations).

1979 UAW membership peaks at 1.5 million

2009 UAW membership at 355,000

Membership drops after the bankruptcies of:

General Motors (saved by a government bailout).

Chrysler (sold to the Italian car maker, Fiat).

American unions today

The percentage of all American employees in unions dropped from

nearly 36% (in 1945) to...

12.3% (in 2009).

Because of a higher proportion of government union employees, the fall is even more dramatic for businesses - from a third to 7.2%. Why?

1. Globalization

Cheap foreign competition that encourages businesses to:

cut costs (particularly highly paid American union workers).

produce overseas.

2. Management

American companies make unions less attractive by:

anti-unionism.

providing good wages and working conditions.

3. Decline of manufacturing

The old industries where the unions were strong (like rail, steel, coal and cars) have declined.

New, expanding industries (e.g. computers and services) are much less unionized.

4. Prosperity

People felt they were doing well enough without unions.

5. Automation

Machines replacing people.

6. Mafia connections

The unions’ image was tarnished by Mafia involvement (particularly in the Teamsters’ Union in the 1950’s).

Key quotes

It was hell in there.

- Dave Jones (on working at Ford in the 1930’s).

Unionism, not Fordism

- the title of the union leaflet distributed by the four injured men during the Battle of the Overpass.

We expect the men to do what they are told.

- Henry Ford.

There is no greater calling to serve your fellow men. There is no greater contribution than to help the weak,

- Walter Reuther.

The Battle of the Overpass - Unions and Management

Don’t mourn – organize!

- Joe Hill, pictured right (American union organizer, just before he was executed in 1915).

The Battle of the Overpass - Unions and Management

In the name of my murdered brother, I call upon you to organize and fight. Long live the workers of the world.

- Ben Bussell (brother of Joe Bussell, pictured right, killed at the Ford Hunger March in 1932).

Ford and unions in films

The Battle of the Overpass - Unions and Management

Charlie Chaplin’s Modern Times (1936)

Based on Ford’s assembly line (pictured right with Chaplin on the left).

The Grapes of Wrath (1940)

Based on John Steinbeck’s book about migrant workers' struggle for survival and union recognition in 1930’s California.

How Green Was My Valley (1941)

About life in a Welsh mining village, dominated by the coal mine and the miners’ union.

The Battle of the Overpass - Unions and Management

On the Waterfront (1954)

Stars Marlon Brando (pictured right), who stands up to the Mafia union thugs in the New York docks.

Billy Elliot (2000)

The story of a miner’s son, who becomes a great ballet dancer, is set during the British 1984-5 miners’ strike.

Ford and unions in books

Aldous Huxley’s Brave New World

Ford’s philosophy of autocratic management becomes a religion whose:

god is “Our Ford”.

symbol is T (a cross without the top bit), referring to Ford’s Model T car.

John Steinbeck’s Grapes of Wrath – see above.

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◦	Marilyn Monroe - Success and Influence
◦	Heros - N
◦	Florence Nightingale - Success and Influence
◦	Heros - O
◦	Jamie Oliver - Success and Business
◦	Robert Owen - Success and Business
◦	Heroes - P - R
◦	Heros - P
◦	Emmeline Pankhurst - Suffragettes and Leadership
◦	Rosa Parks - Success and Influence
◦	Elvis Presley - Success and Creativity
◦	Heros - Q
◦	Heros - R
◦	Walter Reuther - Success, Work and Unions
◦	Robert the Bruce - Success and Leadership
◦	Jackie Robinson - Leadership, Success and Assertiveness
◦	Eleanor Roosevelt - Success and Leadership
◦	Heroes - S - U
◦	Heros - S
◦	Margaret Sanger - Feminism and Women
◦	Cicely Saunders - Success and Leadership
◦	Albert Schweitzer - Success and Ethics
◦	Robert Scott - Success and Leadership
◦	The Scottsboro Boys - Civil Rights and Influence
◦	Homer Simpson - Success and Influence
◦	Lucy Stone - Suffragettes and Leadership
◦	Heros - T
◦	Mother Teresa - Success, Religion and Ethics
◦	Emmett Till- Civil Rights and Influence
◦	Heros - U
◦	Heroes - V - Z
◦	Heros - V
◦	Heros - W
◦	William Wallace - Success and Leadership
◦	Booker T. Washington - Success and Leadership
◦	Oprah Winfrey - Success and Influence
◦	Mary Wollstonecraft - Success and Women's Rights
◦	Heros - X
◦	Heros - Y
◦	Muhammad Yunus - Corporate Social Responsibility and Business Ethics
◦	Heros - Z

Psychologists

◦	Psychologists - A - C
◦	Psychologists - A
◦	Alfred Adler - Psychology and Success
◦	Psychologists - B
◦	Albert Bandura - Psychology and Learning
◦	Aaron Beck – Psychology, Stress and Happiness
◦	Psychologists - C
◦	Psychologists - D - F
◦	Psychologists - D
◦	Psychologists - E
◦	Erik Erikson - Psychology and Childhood
◦	Psychologists - F
◦	Sigmund Freud - Psychoanalysis and Sex
◦	Erich Fromm - Psychology, Love and Life
◦	Psychologists - G - I
◦	Psychologists - G
◦	Psychologists - H
◦	Psychologists - I
◦	Psychologists - J - L
◦	Psychologists - J
◦	William James - Psychology, Ethics, and Success
◦	Carl Jung - Psychology and Personality
◦	Psychologists - K
◦	Daniel Kahneman- Decision Making and Happiness
◦	Psychologists - L
◦	Kurt Lewin - Psychology, Leadership and Change
◦	Psychologists - M - O
◦	Psychologists - M
◦	Abraham Maslow - Humanistic Psychology and Hierarchy of Needs
◦	Psychologists - N
◦	Psychologists - O
◦	Psychologists - P - R
◦	Psychologists - P
◦	Ivan Pavlov - Psychology and Learning
◦	Fritz Perls - Psychology and Gestalt Therapy
◦	Jean Piaget - Psychology and Learning
◦	Steven Pinker - Psychology and Learning
◦	Psychologists - Q
◦	Psychologists - R
◦	Carl Rogers - Psychology, Psychotherapy and Happiness
◦	Psychologists - S - U
◦	Psychologists - S
◦	M. Scott Peck - Psychology and Spiritual Growth
◦	Martin Seligman - Positive Psychology and Success
◦	Hans Selye - Psychology and Stress
◦	B-F-Skinner - Psychology, Learning and Motivation
◦	Psychologists - T
◦	Psychologists - U
◦	Psychologists - V - Z
◦	Psychologists - V
◦	Psychologists - W
◦	Psychologists - X
◦	Psychologists - Y
◦	Psychologists - Z

Scientists & Inventors

◦	Scientists and Inventors - A - C
◦	Scientists and Inventors - A
◦	Archimedes - Creativity and Science
◦	Scientists and Inventors - B
◦	Alexander Graham Bell - Creativity and Invention
◦	Tim Berners-Lee - Creativity and the Internet
◦	Isambard Kingdom Brunel - Creativity and Engineering
◦	Scientists and Inventors - C
◦	Francis Crick and James Watson - Creativity and Science
◦	Marie Curie - Creativity and Science
◦	Scientists and Inventors - D - F
◦	Scientists and Inventors - D
◦	Charles Darwin - Creativity and Science
◦	Richard Dawkins - Creativity and Science
◦	James Dyson - Creativity and Innovation
◦	Scientists and Inventors - E
◦	Thomas Edison - Creativity and Innovation
◦	Albert Einstein - Creativity and Science
◦	Scientists and Inventors - F
◦	Michael Faraday - Creativity and Science
◦	Scientists and Inventors - G - I
◦	Scientists and Inventors - G
◦	Galileo - Creativity and Science
◦	Scientists and Inventors - H
◦	Stephen Hawking - Creativity and Science
◦	Hippocrates - Medicine and Health
◦	Scientists and Inventors - I
◦	Scientists and Inventors - J - L
◦	Scientists and Inventors - J
◦	Scientists and Inventors - K
◦	Scientists and Inventors - L
◦	Antoine Lavoisier - Creativity and Science
◦	Scientists and Inventors - M - O
◦	Scientists and Inventors - M
◦	Scientists and Inventors - N
◦	Isaac Newton - Creativity and Science
◦	Scientists and Inventors - O
◦	Scientists and Inventors - P - R
◦	Scientists and Inventors - P
◦	Louis Pasteur - Creativity and Science
◦	Henri Poincaré - Change and Chaos
◦	Scientists and Inventors - Q
◦	Scientists and Inventors - R
◦	Scientists and Inventors - S - U
◦	Scientists and Inventors - S
◦	Scientists and Inventors - T
◦	Scientists and Inventors - U
◦	Scientists and Inventors - V - Z
◦	Scientists and Inventors - V
◦	Scientists and Inventors - W
◦	Orville and Wilbur Wright - Creativity and Innovation
◦	Scientists and Inventors - X
◦	Scientists and Inventors - Y
◦	Scientists and Inventors - Z

Writers, Artists & Designers

◦	Writers, Artists and Designers - A - C
◦	Writers, Artists and Designers - A
◦	Jane Austen - Creativity and Writing
◦	Writers, Artists and Designers - B
◦	Ludwig van Beethoven - Creativity and Music
◦	The Brontë sisters - Creativity and Writing
◦	Writers, Artists and Designers - C
◦	Terence Conran - Creativity and Design
◦	Writers, Artists and Designers - D - F
◦	Writers, Artists and Designers - D
◦	Charles Dickens - Creativity and Writing
◦	Writers, Artists and Designers - E
◦	Writers, Artists and Designers - F
◦	Writers, Artists and Designers - G - I
◦	Writers, Artists and Designers - G
◦	Writers, Artists and Designers - H
◦	Writers, Artists and Designers - I
◦	Writers, Artists and Designers - J - L
◦	Writers, Artists and Designers - J
◦	Elton John - Creativity and Music
◦	Writers, Artists and Designers - K
◦	Writers, Artists and Designers - L
◦	John Lennon and Paul McCartney - Creativity and Music
◦	Leonardo da Vinci - Creativity and Art
◦	Raymond Loewy - Creativity and Design
◦	Writers, Artists and Designers - M - O
◦	Writers, Artists and Designers - M
◦	Michelangelo - Creativity and Art
◦	Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart - Creativity and Music
◦	Writers, Artists and Designers - N
◦	Writers, Artists and Designers - O
◦	Writers, Artists and Designers - P - R
◦	Writers, Artists and Designers - P
◦	Nick Park - Creativity and Films
◦	Pablo Picasso - Creativity and Art
◦	Marcel Proust - Success and Happiness
◦	Writers, Artists and Designers - Q
◦	Writers, Artists and Designers - R
◦	Richard Rodgers and Oscar Hammerstein - Creativity and Music
◦	Richard Rogers - Creativity and Business Success
◦	J.K.Rowling - Creativity and Writing
◦	John Ruskin - Creativity and Art
◦	Writers, Artists and Designers - S - U
◦	Writers, Artists and Designers - S
◦	William Shakespeare - Creativity and Writing
◦	Steven Spielberg - Creativity and Films
◦	Writers, Artists and Designers - T
◦	Writers, Artists and Designers - U
◦	Writers, Artists and Designers - V - Z
◦	Writers, Artists and Designers - V
◦	Vincent van Gogh - Creativity and Art
◦	Writers, Artists and Designers - W
◦	William Wordsworth - Creativity and Writing
◦	Frank Lloyd Wright - Creativity and Architecture
◦	Writers, Artists and Designers - X
◦	Writers, Artists and Designers - Y
◦	Writers, Artists and Designers - Z

Company Case Studies

◦	Company Case Studies - A - C
◦	Company Case Studies - A
◦	Amazon.com - Employees, Unions and Customer Satisfaction
◦	Apple - Innovation, Design and Customer Satisfaction
◦	Company Case Studies - B
◦	BBC - Quality, Creativity and Customer Satisfaction
◦	BMW - Production, Quality and Innovation
◦	Company Case Studies - C
◦	The Co-operative Group - Business Ethics and Customer Satisfaction
◦	Company Case Studies - D - F
◦	Company Case Studies - D
◦	Company Case Studies - E
◦	Company Case Studies - F
◦	Company Case Studies - G - I
◦	Company Case Studies - G
◦	Company Case Studies - H
◦	Company Case Studies - I
◦	Company Case Studies - J - L
◦	Company Case Studies - J
◦	Company Case Studies - K
◦	Company Case Studies - L
◦	Company Case Studies - M - O
◦	Company Case Studies - M
◦	Manchester United - Cash, Costs and Customer Satisfaction
◦	McDonald’s - Globalization, Culture and Strategy
◦	Company Case Studies - N
◦	Company Case Studies - O
◦	Company Case Studies - P - R
◦	Company Case Studies - P
◦	Company Case Studies - Q
◦	Company Case Studies - R
◦	Company Case Studies - S - U
◦	Company Case Studies - S
◦	Company Case Studies - T
◦	Tesco - Business Success, Leadership and Motivation
◦	Company Case Studies - U
◦	Company Case Studies - V - Z
◦	Company Case Studies - V
◦	Company Case Studies - W
◦	Company Case Studies - X
◦	Company Case Studies - Y
◦	Company Case Studies - Z

Books

◦	Books - A - C
◦	Books - A
◦	The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn - Ethics and Racism
◦	Aesop’s Fables - Success and Ethics
◦	All Quiet on the Western Front - War and Leadership
◦	Animal Farm - Leadership and Change
◦	Anna Karenina - Ethics and Love
◦	Atlas Shrugged - Corporate Social Responsibility
◦	Books - B
◦	Bleak House - Life, Work and Ethics
◦	Brave New World - The Future of Life and Work
◦	Books - C
◦	Catch-22 - People and Management
◦	The Catcher in the Rye - Happiness and Ethics
◦	Crime and Punishment- Happiness and Ethics
◦	The Crucible - Ethics, Leadership and Success
◦	Books - D - F
◦	Books - D
◦	David Copperfield - Success and Ethics
◦	Death of a Salesman - Success and Happiness
◦	Books - E
◦	Emma - Success and Ethics
◦	Books - F
◦	The Fountainhead and Success
◦	Books - G - I
◦	Books - G
◦	The Grapes of Wrath - Corporate Social Responsibility
◦	Great Expectations - Success, Happiness and Ethics
◦	The Great Gatsby - Happiness and Success
◦	Books - H
◦	Hard Times - Business Ethics and Happiness
◦	Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone - Success and Ethics
◦	Books - I
◦	Books - J - L
◦	Books - J
◦	Jane Eyre - Women, Ethics and Success
◦	Books - K
◦	Books - L
◦	The Last Tycoon - Leadership
◦	The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe - Ethics and Success
◦	Lord of the Flies - Leadership
◦	The Lord of the Rings - Success and Leadership
◦	Books - M - O
◦	Books - M
◦	The Mayor of Casterbridge - Leadership and Ethics
◦	Middlemarch - Happiness and Success
◦	Moby-Dick - Leadership
◦	Books - N
◦	Nineteen Eighty-Four - Success and Leadership
◦	Books - O
◦	Of Mice and Men - Success and Happiness
◦	Oliver Twist - Success and Ethics
◦	Books - P - R
◦	Books - P
◦	The Pearl - Happiness and Success
◦	The Pilgrim’s Progress - Religion and Ethics
◦	Pride and Prejudice - Love and Success
◦	Books - Q
◦	Books - R
◦	The Red Badge of Courage - Success and Ethics
◦	Roll of Thunder, Hear my Cry - Success and Ethics
◦	Books - S - U
◦	Books - S
◦	The Scarlet Letter - Happiness and Ethics
◦	Sense and Sensibility - Success and Influence
◦	Sons and Lovers - Family and Happiness
◦	Sophie’s World - Philosophy and Happiness
◦	Books - T
◦	To Kill a Mockingbird - Racism and Ethics
◦	Books - U
◦	Ulysses - Success, Happiness and Ethics
◦	Uncle Tom’s Cabin - Racism and Ethics
◦	Books - V - Z
◦	Books - V
◦	Books - W
◦	War and Peace - Leadership and Change
◦	Wuthering Heights - Love and Success
◦	Books - X
◦	Books - Y
◦	Books - Z

Shakespeare

◦	Shakespeare - A - C
◦	Shakespeare - A
◦	Shakespeare's Antony and Cleopatra - Success and Leadership
◦	Shakespeare - B
◦	Shakespeare - C
◦	Shakespeare's Julius Caesar - Leadership and Change
◦	Shakespeare's Corialanus - Leadership and Ethics
◦	Shakespeare - D - F
◦	Shakespeare - D
◦	Shakespeare - E
◦	Shakespeare - F
◦	Shakespeare - G - I
◦	Shakespeare - G
◦	Shakespeare - H
◦	Shakespeare's Hamlet - Success and Ethics
◦	Shakespeare's Henry IV Parts 1 and 2 - Leadership and Change
◦	Shakespeare's Henry V - Leadership and Ethics
◦	Shakespeare's Henry VIII - Leadership and Ethics
◦	Shakespeare - I
◦	Shakespeare - J - L
◦	Shakespeare - J
◦	Shakespeare - K
◦	Shakespeare's King Lear - Success and Ethics
◦	Shakespeare - L
◦	Shakespeare - M - O
◦	Shakespeare - M
◦	Shakespeare's Macbeth - Happiness and Success
◦	Shakespeare's Measure for Measure - Leadership and Ethics
◦	Shakespeare's The Merchant of Venice - Success and Ethics
◦	Shakespeare's A Midsummer Night’s Dream - Happiness and Ethics
◦	Shakespeare - N
◦	Shakespeare - O
◦	Shakespeare's Othello - Leadership and Ethics
◦	Shakespeare - P - R
◦	Shakespeare - P
◦	Shakespeare - Q
◦	Shakespeare - R
◦	Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet - Love and Happiness
◦	Shakespeare - S - U
◦	Shakespeare - S
◦	Shakespeare - T
◦	Shakespeare's The Tempest - Managing Change
◦	Shakespeare's Timon of Athens - Money and Ethics
◦	Shakespeare's Twelfth Night - Happiness and Ethics
◦	Shakespeare - U
◦	Shakespeare - V - Z
◦	Shakespeare - V
◦	Shakespeare - W
◦	Shakespeare - X
◦	Shakespeare - Y
◦	Shakespeare - Z

Poetry

◦	Poetry - A - C
◦	Poetry - A
◦	Poetry - B
◦	Poetry - C
◦	Poetry - Change
◦	Poetry - Creativity and Innovation
◦	Poetry - D - F
◦	Poetry - D
◦	Poetry - Death
◦	Poetry - E
◦	Poetry - Empowerment and motivation
◦	Poetry - Ethics
◦	Poetry - F
◦	Poetry - Family and Friends
◦	Poetry - G - I
◦	Poetry - G
◦	Poetry - God and Religion
◦	Poetry - H
◦	Poetry - Happiness
◦	Poetry - The Holocaust and World War Two
◦	Poetry - I
◦	Poetry - Influencing people
◦	Poetry - J - L
◦	Poetry - J
◦	Poetry - K
◦	Poetry - L
◦	Poetry - Leadership
◦	Poetry - Learning and Wisdom
◦	Poetry - Love
◦	Poetry - M - O
◦	Poetry - M
◦	Poetry - N
◦	Poetry - Nature and the Environment
◦	Poetry - O
◦	Poetry - Objectives and Purpose
◦	Poetry - Old Age
◦	Poetry - P - R
◦	Poetry - P
◦	Poetry - Positive Thinking and Assertiveness
◦	Poetry - Q
◦	Poetry - R
◦	Poetry - S - U
◦	Poetry - S
◦	Poetry - Stress and Pain
◦	Poetry - Success
◦	Poetry - T
◦	Poetry - Time Management
◦	Poetry - U
◦	Poetry - V - Z
◦	Poetry - V
◦	Poetry - W
◦	Poetry - War
◦	Poetry - Work and Workers
◦	Poetry - Women and Men
◦	Poetry - X
◦	Poetry - Y
◦	Poetry - Z

Art

◦	Art - A - C
◦	Art - A
◦	Art - B
◦	Art - Business Success and Motivation
◦	Art - C
◦	Art - Change
◦	Art - Creativity, Innovation and Science
◦	Art - D - F
◦	Art - D
◦	Art - E
◦	Art - Ethics
◦	Art - F
◦	Art - Family and friends
◦	Art - G - I
◦	Art - G
◦	Art - God and religion
◦	Art - H
◦	Art - Happiness
◦	Art - The Holocaust
◦	Art - I
◦	Art - J - L
◦	Art - J
◦	Art - K
◦	Art - L
◦	Art - Leadership
◦	Art - Learning and Wisdom
◦	Art - Love
◦	Art - M - O
◦	Art - M
◦	Art - N
◦	Art - Nature and the Environment
◦	Art - O
◦	Art - P - R
◦	Art - P
◦	Art - Q
◦	Art - R
◦	Art - S - U
◦	Art - S
◦	Art - Stress and Pain
◦	Art - Success
◦	Art - T
◦	Art - U
◦	Art - V - Z
◦	Art - V
◦	Art - W
◦	Art - War
◦	Art - Work and Wealth
◦	Art - Workers and Unions
◦	Art - X
◦	Art - Y
◦	Art - Z

Films

◦	Films - A - C
◦	Films - A
◦	All Quiet on the Western Front (film) - War and Ethics
◦	All the President’s Men - Leadership and Ethics
◦	Apocalypse Now - War and Ethics
◦	Films - B
◦	The Battle of Algiers - Strategy and Terrorism
◦	Ben-Hur - Ethics and Leadership
◦	Billy Elliot - Success, Unions and Ethics
◦	The Birth of a Nation - Racism, Ethics and Leadership
◦	Blade Runner - Business Ethics and the Environment
◦	The Bridge on the River Kwai - Ethics and War
◦	Brief Encounter - Love and Ethics
◦	Films - C
◦	Casablanca - Ethics and Success
◦	Chariots of Fire - Success and Ethics
◦	Citizen Kane - Leadership and Ethics
◦	City Lights - Happiness and Success
◦	Films - D - F
◦	Films - D
◦	Dr. Strangelove - Leadership and Ethics
◦	Doctor Zhivago - Happiness and Ethics
◦	Films - E
◦	E.T. - Love and Ethics
◦	Films - F
◦	Films - G - I
◦	Films - G
◦	The Godfather - Leadership and Ethics
◦	Gone with the Wind - Success and Ethics
◦	The Graduate - Success and Ethics
◦	The Grapes of Wrath - Business Ethics and Corporate Social Responsibility
◦	Films - H
◦	High Noon - Leadership and Ethics
◦	How Green Was My Valley - Success, Ethics and Trade Unions
◦	Films - I
◦	It’s A Wonderful Life - Success and Ethics
◦	Films - J - L
◦	Films - J
◦	Films - K
◦	Films - L
◦	Love Story - Love and Ethics
◦	Films - M - O
◦	Films - M
◦	The Manchurian Candidate - Corporate Culture and Leadership
◦	Mr. Smith Goes to Washington - Success, Leadership and Ethics
◦	Modern Times - Management, Mass Production and Motivation
◦	Films - N
◦	Films - O
◦	On the Waterfront - Success, Ethics and Unions
◦	One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest - Leadership and Change
◦	Films - P - R
◦	Films - P
◦	Paths of Glory - Leadership and Ethics
◦	Patton - Leadership and Communication
◦	Pretty Woman - Business Ethics and Happiness
◦	Films - Q
◦	Films - R
◦	Raging Bull - Success and Ethics
◦	Rocky - Success and Ethics
◦	Films - S - U
◦	Films - S
◦	Saving Private Ryan - Success, Leadership and Ethics
◦	Schindler’s List - Ethics and the Holocaust
◦	The Searchers - Love and Ethics
◦	Serpico - Business Ethics and Whistle-blowing
◦	Silkwood - Business Ethics and Whistle-blowing
◦	Films - T
◦	Thirteen Days - Leadership and Ethics
◦	To Kill a Mockingbird (film) - Ethics and Racism
◦	Twelve Angry Men - Ethics and Leadership
◦	Films - U
◦	Up in the Air - Success and Business Ethics
◦	Films - V - Z
◦	Films - V
◦	Films - W
◦	Wall Street - Success and Business Ethics
◦	The Wizard of Oz - Success and Happiness
◦	Films - X
◦	Films - Y
◦	Films - Z

Best Business Books

◦	Best Business Books - A - C
◦	Best Business Books - A
◦	Scott Adams, The Dilbert Principle (1996)
◦	Chris Argyris and Donald Schön, Organizational Learning II (1996)
◦	Best Business Books - B
◦	Chester Barnard, The Functions of the Executive (1938)
◦	Christopher Bartlett and Sumantra Ghoshal, The Individualized Corporation (1997)
◦	Warren Bennis and Burt Nanus, Leaders (1985)
◦	Richard Nelson Bolles, What Colour Is Your Parachute? (1970)
◦	Best Business Books - C
◦	Dale Carnegie, How to Win Friends and Influence People (1936)
◦	Clayton Christensen, The Innovator’s Dilemma (1997)
◦	Jim Collins, Good to Great (2001)
◦	Jim Collins and Jerry Porras, Built to Last (1994)
◦	Stephen Covey, Principle-Centred Leadership (1992)
◦	Stephen Covey, The Seven Habits of Highly Effective People (1989)
◦	Best Business Books - D - F
◦	Best Business Books - D
◦	Edward de Bono, Lateral Thinking (1970)
◦	Edward de Bono, Six Thinking Hats (1985)
◦	W. Edwards Deming, Out of the Crisis (1982)
◦	Peter Drucker, Management: Tasks, Responsibilities, Practices (1973)
◦	Peter Drucker, The Practice of Management (1954)
◦	Best Business Books - E
◦	Best Business Books - F
◦	Mary Parker Follett, Dynamic Administration (1941)
◦	Henry Ford, My Life and Work (1922)
◦	Thomas Friedman, Lexus and the Olive Tree (1999)
◦	Milton and Rose Friedman, Capitalism and Freedom (1962)
◦	Best Business Books - G - I
◦	Best Business Books - G
◦	Lou Gerstner, Who Says Elephants Can’t Dance (2002)
◦	Daniel Goleman, Emotional Intelligence (1996)
◦	Lynda Gratton, Living Strategy (2000)
◦	Best Business Books - H
◦	Gary Hamel and CK Prahalad, Competing for the Future (1996)
◦	Charles Handy, The Age of Unreason (1989)
◦	Charles Handy, The Empty Raincoat (1994)
◦	Charles Handy, The Gods of Management (1985)
◦	Best Business Books - I
◦	Best Business Books - J - L
◦	Best Business Books - J
◦	Best Business Books - K
◦	Daniel Kahneman, Thinking, Fast and Slow (2011)
◦	Rosabeth Moss Kanter, The Change Masters (1984)
◦	John Kay, Foundations of Corporate Success (1993)
◦	W. Chan Kim and Renée Mauborgne, Blue Ocean Strategy (2005)
◦	Best Business Books - L
◦	Theodore (Ted) Levitt, The Marketing Imagination (1983)
◦	Best Business Books - M - O
◦	Best Business Books - M
◦	Douglas McGregor, The Human Side of Enterprise (1960)
◦	Best Business Books - N
◦	Best Business Books - O
◦	Kenichi Ohmae, The Borderless World (1990)
◦	Best Business Books - P - R
◦	Best Business Books - P
◦	Richard Pascale, Managing on the Edge (1990)
◦	Tom Peters and Robert Waterman, In Search of Excellence (1982)
◦	Michael Porter, Competitive Advantage (1985)
◦	Michael Porter, The Competitive Advantage of Nations (1990)
◦	Best Business Books - Q
◦	Best Business Books - R
◦	Best Business Books - S - U
◦	Best Business Books - S
◦	Ernst Friedrich (Fritz) Schumacher, Small is Beautiful (1973)
◦	Best Business Books - T
◦	Nassim Nicholas Taleb, The Black Swan (2007)
◦	Alvin Toffler, Future Shock (1970)
◦	Alvin Toffler, The Third Wave (1980)
◦	Best Business Books - U
◦	Best Business Books - V - Z
◦	Best Business Books - V
◦	Best Business Books - W
◦	Thomas Watson Jnr, A Business and Its Beliefs (1963)
◦	Jack Welch, Straight from the Gut (2001)
◦	Best Business Books - X
◦	Best Business Books - Y
◦	Best Business Books - Z

Business Quotations

◦	Business Quotations - A - C
◦	Business Quotations - A
◦	Advertising Quotes
◦	Age Quotes
◦	America Quotes
◦	Assertiveness Quotes
◦	Business Quotations - B
◦	Business Ethics Quotes
◦	Business Success Quotes
◦	Business Quotations - C
◦	Careers and Ambition Quotes
◦	Change and Change Management Quotes
◦	Communication Quotes
◦	Competitive Advantage Quotes
◦	Core Competencies Quotes
◦	Corporate Culture Quotes
◦	Corporate Social Responsibility Quotes
◦	Corporate Strategy Quotes
◦	Creativity Quotes
◦	Customers Quotes
◦	Business Quotations - D - F
◦	Business Quotations - D
◦	Death and Bereavement Quotes
◦	Decision Making Quotes
◦	Design and Product Design Quotes
◦	Business Quotations - E
◦	Economics Quotes
◦	Education and Training Quotes
◦	Emotional Intelligence Quotes
◦	Empowerment and Freedom Quotes
◦	Ethics and Integrity Quotes
◦	Business Quotations - F
◦	Family and Children Quotes
◦	Fear and Anxiety Quotes
◦	Finance and Accounting Quotes
◦	Business Quotations - G - I
◦	Business Quotations - G
◦	Globalization Quotes
◦	God and Religion Quotes
◦	Business Quotations - H
◦	Happiness Quotes
◦	Health Quotes
◦	Human Resource Management Quotes
◦	Business Quotations - I
◦	Influencing People Quotes
◦	Innovation Quotes
◦	Internet and Computers Quotes
◦	Interviewing and Selection Quotes
◦	Business Quotations - J - L
◦	Business Quotations - J
◦	Business Quotations - K
◦	Knowledge Management Quotes
◦	Business Quotations - L
◦	Law and Justice Quotes
◦	Leadership Quotes
◦	Learning and Wisdom Quotes
◦	Learning Organization Quotes
◦	Love Quotes
◦	Business Quotations - M - O
◦	Business Quotations - M
◦	Management Quotes
◦	Market Research and Buyer Behaviour Quotes
◦	Marketing Quotes
◦	Marriage Quotes
◦	Money and Investment Quotes
◦	Motivation Quotes
◦	Business Quotations - N
◦	Nature and Climate Change Quotes
◦	Negotiating Quotes
◦	Business Quotations - O
◦	Objectives and Vision Quotes
◦	Business Quotations - P - R
◦	Business Quotations - P
◦	Past, Present and Future Quotes
◦	Peace of Mind Quotes
◦	Politics and Government Quotes
◦	Positive Thinking Quotes
◦	Pricing Quotes
◦	Product Quotes
◦	Production Quotes
◦	Public Speaking Quotes
◦	Business Quotations - Q
◦	Quality Quotes
◦	Business Quotations - R
◦	Reading and Writing Quotes
◦	Relationships and Friendship Quotes
◦	Business Quotations - S - U
◦	Business Quotations - S
◦	Science and Technology Quotes
◦	Selling Quotes
◦	Service Profit Chain Quotes
◦	Sex Quotes
◦	Society Quotes
◦	Sport Quotes
◦	Stress and Pain Quotes
◦	Structure and Bureaucracy Quotes
◦	Success Quotes
◦	Business Quotations - T
◦	Teams and Committees Quotes
◦	Time Management Quotes
◦	Business Quotations - U
◦	Business Quotations - V - Z
◦	Business Quotations - V
◦	Business Quotations - W
◦	War Quotes
◦	Women and Men Quotes
◦	Work and Leisure Quotes
◦	Workers and Unions Quotes
◦	Business Quotations - X
◦	Business Quotations - Y
◦	Business Quotations - Z

History Highlights

◦	History Highlights - A - C
◦	History Highlights - A
◦	The American Declaration of Independence - Success and Happiness
◦	Anne Frank, the Holocaust and Influencing People
◦	The Assassination of Julius Caesar - Success, Leadership and Ethics
◦	History Highlights - B
◦	The Battle of Agincourt, Henry V and Leadership
◦	The Battle of Britain - Leadership and Strategy
◦	The Battle of Gettysburg - Leadership and Strategy
◦	The Battle of Hastings - Leadership and Strategy
◦	The Battle of the Overpass - Unions and Management
◦	The Battle of the Somme - Leadership and Strategy
◦	The Battle of Trafalgar - Nelson, Leadership and Strategy
◦	The Battle of Waterloo - Leadership and Strategy
◦	The British Miners’ Strike (1984-5) - Unions and Management
◦	History Highlights - C
◦	Chinese Invention of Printing - Creativity and Innovation
◦	History Highlights - D - F
◦	History Highlights - D
◦	D-Day - Leadership and Strategy
◦	History Highlights - E
◦	Emily Davison’s Death at the English Derby - Suffragettes and Women's Rights
◦	The Enlightenment - Learning, Happiness and Success
◦	History Highlights - F
◦	History Highlights - G - I
◦	History Highlights - G
◦	History Highlights - H
◦	Henry VIII’s Divorce - Leadership and Ethics
◦	History Highlights - I
◦	The Industrial Revolution - Management and Unions
◦	History Highlights - J - L
◦	History Highlights - J
◦	History Highlights - K
◦	History Highlights - L
◦	History Highlights - M - O
◦	History Highlights - M
◦	The March on Washington - Empowerment and Civil Rights
◦	History Highlights - N
◦	9/11 - Leadership and Strategy
◦	History Highlights - O
◦	History Highlights - P - R
◦	History Highlights - P
◦	History Highlights - Q
◦	History Highlights - R
◦	The Reformation - Religion and Ethics
◦	The Renaissance - Learning and Creativity
◦	History Highlights - S - U
◦	History Highlights - S
◦	The Salem Witch Trials - Learning and Ethics
◦	The South Sea Bubble - Business Ethics
◦	History Highlights - T
◦	The Trial and Death of Socrates - Learning and Ethics
◦	History Highlights - U
◦	History Highlights - V - Z
◦	History Highlights - V
◦	History Highlights - W
◦	The Wall Street Crash - Business Ethics
◦	History Highlights - X
◦	History Highlights - Y
◦	History Highlights - Z

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