Michael Porter, Competitive Advantage (1985)

Michael Porter, Competitive Advantage (1985)

American Harvard Business School professor and leading expert on strategy and the competitive advantage of companies and countries (pictured right).

His reputation is based on this book and two others:

Competitive Strategy (1980), which introduced his five forces affecting industry profitability.

The Competitive Advantage of Nations (1990), an influential book on a country's international competitiveness

See also...

Michael Porter in the Management Gurus section.

Book summary

What increases profits?

1. Industry attractiveness

The profitability and competitiveness of the company’s industry.

These are determined by the five industry forces, discussed by Porter in his previous book, Competitive Strategy (1980): Michael Porter, Competitive Advantage (1985)

likelihood of new entrants (into the industry).

intensity of rivalry between competitors.

bargaining power of customers.

bargaining power of suppliers.

threat of substitutes (e.g. trains in the car industry).

For more detail see Industry analysis in the Management Topics section

2. Sustainable competitive advantage

Continually providing better value to customers than competitors through:

generic strategies (see below)

maximizing value to customers at each stage of the company’s value chain (see below).

Michael Porter, Competitive Advantage (1985)

Generic strategies

1. Cost leadership

Being the lowest cost (and price) producer in the industry.

2. Differentiation

Providing customers with something better and different - for example:

quality.

image.

innovation.

3. Focus (or segmentation)

cost focus - being the lowest cost (and price) product to a particular market segment.

cost differentiation - selling a differentiated product to a particular market segment.

Why is being “stuck in the middle” bad? Michael Porter, Competitive Advantage (1985)

This means having a strategy that isn't focused on one of the generic strategies outlined above.

An organization will usually fail, if this happens, because the high costs of differentiation mean that...

A firm can normally only achieve either cost leadership or differentiation.

But there are three situations where they can be achieved simultaneously:

a) poor performance of competitors

(because they are stuck in the middle).

b) a firm’s cost advantage resulting from:

its large market share (so reducing the costs of differentiation as a proportion of sales) , or

the exploitation of exclusive relationships with firms from other industries.

c) a major innovation

(that only the firm possesses).

The value chain

Michael Porter, Competitive Advantage (1985)

Successful companies maximize value to customers at each stage of the company’s “value chain”:

1. Inbound logistics

The receipt, storage and distribution of supplies (or inputs) required for operations.

2. Operations

Converting inputs into the final product.

3. Outbound logistics

The collection, storage and distribution of products to buyers.

Michael Porter, Competitive Advantage (1985)

4. Marketing and sales

Persuading people to buy the products and making it easier for them to do so.

5. Service

After-sales support.

These five primary activities are supported by four support activities:

Michael Porter, Competitive Advantage (1985)

1. Human resource management

(hiring and motivating employees).

2. Procurement

(buying).

Michael Porter, Competitive Advantage (1985)

3. Technology development

(research and development).

4. Firm infrastructure

(support managerial functions like finance and planning).

Within each primary and support activity, there are three further activities:

a) direct

(directly creating customer value).

b) indirect

(helping to create customer value) Michael Porter, Competitive Advantage (1985)

c) quality assurance

(getting quality right).

Key quotes on competitive advantage

Competitive advantage grows fundamentally out of value a firm is able to create for its buyers that exceeds the firm’s cost of creating it.

Industry leadership is not a cause but an effect of competitive advantage

Key quote on business success

Competition is at the core of the success or failure of firms.

Key quote on customers

Superior value stems from offering lower prices than competitors for equivalent benefits or providing unique benefits that more than offset a higher price.

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◦	Business Leaders - X
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◦	Philosophers - A - C
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◦	St. Thomas Aquinas - Philosophy,Learning and Ethics
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◦	Marcus Aurelius- Philosophy and Happiness
◦	Philosophers - B
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◦	Boethius- Philosophy and Happiness
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◦	Philosophers - D
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◦	Philosophers - E
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◦	Philosophers - G - I
◦	Philosophers - G
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◦	Philosophers - J
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◦	Philosophers - L
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◦	Gottfried Leibniz- Philosophy, Learning and Ethics
◦	John Locke Philosophy and Government
◦	Philosophers - M - O
◦	Philosophers - M
◦	Niccolo Machiavelli and Leadership
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◦	John Stuart Mill - Philosophy, Ethics and Happiness
◦	Michel de Montaigne - Philosophy and Success
◦	Thomas More - Philosophy and Ethics
◦	Muhammad - Philosophy, Ethics and Leadership
◦	Philosophers - N
◦	Reinhold Niebuhr - Philosophy, Work and Change
◦	Friedrich Nietzsche - Philosophy, Ethics and Success
◦	Philosophers - O
◦	Philosophers - P - R
◦	Philosophers - P
◦	Thomas (Tom) Paine - Philosophy and Government
◦	Blaise Pascal - Philosophy, Ethics and Learning
◦	C.S. Peirce - Philosophy and Learning
◦	Plato - Philosophy and Success
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◦	Pythagoras - Philosophy and Learning
◦	Philosophers - Q
◦	Philosophers - R
◦	John Rawls - Philosophy and Justice
◦	Jean-Jacques Rousseau - Philosophy, Government and Success
◦	Bertrand Russell - Philosophy, Ethics and Learning
◦	Philosophers - S - U
◦	Philosophers - S
◦	Jean-Paul Sartre - Philosophy and Ethics
◦	Arnold Schopenhauer - Philosophy and Happiness
◦	Seneca - Philosophy, Happiness and Success
◦	Peter Singer - Philosophy and Ethics
◦	Adam Smith - Philosophy and Business
◦	Socrates - Philosophy and Happiness
◦	Benedict (or Baruch) Spinoza - Philosophy, Ethics and Happiness
◦	Philosophers - T
◦	Henry David Thoreau - Philosophy, Success and Happiness
◦	Philosophers - U
◦	Philosophers - V - Z
◦	Philosophers - V
◦	Voltaire - Philosophy, Success and Ethics
◦	Philosophers - W
◦	Ludwig Wittgenstein - Philosophy and Language
◦	Philosophers - X
◦	Philosophers - Y
◦	Philosophers - Z

Heroes

◦	Heroes - A - C
◦	Heroes - A
◦	Muhammad Ali and Success
◦	Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton - Suffragettes and Women
◦	Heroes - B
◦	Simone de Beauvoir - Feminism and Women
◦	David Beckham - Money and Success
◦	Heroes - C
◦	Rachel Carson - Success and Environmentalism
◦	Cleopatra - Success and Leadership
◦	Captain James Cook - Success and Influence
◦	Heroes - D - F
◦	Heroes - D
◦	Dilbert - Work and Management
◦	Frederick Douglass - Success and Leadership
◦	Heroes - E
◦	Heroes - F
◦	Anne Frank - Success and Wisdom
◦	Betty Friedan - Feminism and Women
◦	Heroes - G - I
◦	Heroes - G
◦	William Lloyd Garrison - Success and Leadership
◦	Owain Glyndwr - Success and Leadership
◦	Heroes - H
◦	Patrick Henry - Success and Leadership
◦	Heros - I
◦	Heroes - J - L
◦	Heros - J
◦	Joan of Arc - Success and Leadership
◦	Heros - K
◦	Helen Keller - Success and Influence
◦	John Maynard Keynes - Success and Wisdom
◦	Heros - L
◦	Eric Liddell - Success, Religion and Ethics
◦	Heroes - M - O
◦	Heros - M
◦	Ellen MacArthur - Success and Influence
◦	Madonna - Success and Creativity
◦	Marilyn Monroe - Success and Influence
◦	Heros - N
◦	Florence Nightingale - Success and Influence
◦	Heros - O
◦	Jamie Oliver - Success and Business
◦	Robert Owen - Success and Business
◦	Heroes - P - R
◦	Heros - P
◦	Emmeline Pankhurst - Suffragettes and Leadership
◦	Rosa Parks - Success and Influence
◦	Elvis Presley - Success and Creativity
◦	Heros - Q
◦	Heros - R
◦	Walter Reuther - Success, Work and Unions
◦	Robert the Bruce - Success and Leadership
◦	Jackie Robinson - Leadership, Success and Assertiveness
◦	Eleanor Roosevelt - Success and Leadership
◦	Heroes - S - U
◦	Heros - S
◦	Margaret Sanger - Feminism and Women
◦	Cicely Saunders - Success and Leadership
◦	Albert Schweitzer - Success and Ethics
◦	Robert Scott - Success and Leadership
◦	The Scottsboro Boys - Civil Rights and Influence
◦	Homer Simpson - Success and Influence
◦	Lucy Stone - Suffragettes and Leadership
◦	Heros - T
◦	Mother Teresa - Success, Religion and Ethics
◦	Emmett Till- Civil Rights and Influence
◦	Heros - U
◦	Heroes - V - Z
◦	Heros - V
◦	Heros - W
◦	William Wallace - Success and Leadership
◦	Booker T. Washington - Success and Leadership
◦	Oprah Winfrey - Success and Influence
◦	Mary Wollstonecraft - Success and Women's Rights
◦	Heros - X
◦	Heros - Y
◦	Muhammad Yunus - Corporate Social Responsibility and Business Ethics
◦	Heros - Z

Psychologists

◦	Psychologists - A - C
◦	Psychologists - A
◦	Alfred Adler - Psychology and Success
◦	Psychologists - B
◦	Albert Bandura - Psychology and Learning
◦	Aaron Beck – Psychology, Stress and Happiness
◦	Psychologists - C
◦	Psychologists - D - F
◦	Psychologists - D
◦	Psychologists - E
◦	Erik Erikson - Psychology and Childhood
◦	Psychologists - F
◦	Sigmund Freud - Psychoanalysis and Sex
◦	Erich Fromm - Psychology, Love and Life
◦	Psychologists - G - I
◦	Psychologists - G
◦	Psychologists - H
◦	Psychologists - I
◦	Psychologists - J - L
◦	Psychologists - J
◦	William James - Psychology, Ethics, and Success
◦	Carl Jung - Psychology and Personality
◦	Psychologists - K
◦	Daniel Kahneman- Decision Making and Happiness
◦	Psychologists - L
◦	Kurt Lewin - Psychology, Leadership and Change
◦	Psychologists - M - O
◦	Psychologists - M
◦	Abraham Maslow - Humanistic Psychology and Hierarchy of Needs
◦	Psychologists - N
◦	Psychologists - O
◦	Psychologists - P - R
◦	Psychologists - P
◦	Ivan Pavlov - Psychology and Learning
◦	Fritz Perls - Psychology and Gestalt Therapy
◦	Jean Piaget - Psychology and Learning
◦	Steven Pinker - Psychology and Learning
◦	Psychologists - Q
◦	Psychologists - R
◦	Carl Rogers - Psychology, Psychotherapy and Happiness
◦	Psychologists - S - U
◦	Psychologists - S
◦	M. Scott Peck - Psychology and Spiritual Growth
◦	Martin Seligman - Positive Psychology and Success
◦	Hans Selye - Psychology and Stress
◦	B-F-Skinner - Psychology, Learning and Motivation
◦	Psychologists - T
◦	Psychologists - U
◦	Psychologists - V - Z
◦	Psychologists - V
◦	Psychologists - W
◦	Psychologists - X
◦	Psychologists - Y
◦	Psychologists - Z

Scientists & Inventors

◦	Scientists and Inventors - A - C
◦	Scientists and Inventors - A
◦	Archimedes - Creativity and Science
◦	Scientists and Inventors - B
◦	Alexander Graham Bell - Creativity and Invention
◦	Tim Berners-Lee - Creativity and the Internet
◦	Isambard Kingdom Brunel - Creativity and Engineering
◦	Scientists and Inventors - C
◦	Francis Crick and James Watson - Creativity and Science
◦	Marie Curie - Creativity and Science
◦	Scientists and Inventors - D - F
◦	Scientists and Inventors - D
◦	Charles Darwin - Creativity and Science
◦	Richard Dawkins - Creativity and Science
◦	James Dyson - Creativity and Innovation
◦	Scientists and Inventors - E
◦	Thomas Edison - Creativity and Innovation
◦	Albert Einstein - Creativity and Science
◦	Scientists and Inventors - F
◦	Michael Faraday - Creativity and Science
◦	Scientists and Inventors - G - I
◦	Scientists and Inventors - G
◦	Galileo - Creativity and Science
◦	Scientists and Inventors - H
◦	Stephen Hawking - Creativity and Science
◦	Hippocrates - Medicine and Health
◦	Scientists and Inventors - I
◦	Scientists and Inventors - J - L
◦	Scientists and Inventors - J
◦	Scientists and Inventors - K
◦	Scientists and Inventors - L
◦	Antoine Lavoisier - Creativity and Science
◦	Scientists and Inventors - M - O
◦	Scientists and Inventors - M
◦	Scientists and Inventors - N
◦	Isaac Newton - Creativity and Science
◦	Scientists and Inventors - O
◦	Scientists and Inventors - P - R
◦	Scientists and Inventors - P
◦	Louis Pasteur - Creativity and Science
◦	Henri Poincaré - Change and Chaos
◦	Scientists and Inventors - Q
◦	Scientists and Inventors - R
◦	Scientists and Inventors - S - U
◦	Scientists and Inventors - S
◦	Scientists and Inventors - T
◦	Scientists and Inventors - U
◦	Scientists and Inventors - V - Z
◦	Scientists and Inventors - V
◦	Scientists and Inventors - W
◦	Orville and Wilbur Wright - Creativity and Innovation
◦	Scientists and Inventors - X
◦	Scientists and Inventors - Y
◦	Scientists and Inventors - Z

Writers, Artists & Designers

◦	Writers, Artists and Designers - A - C
◦	Writers, Artists and Designers - A
◦	Jane Austen - Creativity and Writing
◦	Writers, Artists and Designers - B
◦	Ludwig van Beethoven - Creativity and Music
◦	The Brontë sisters - Creativity and Writing
◦	Writers, Artists and Designers - C
◦	Terence Conran - Creativity and Design
◦	Writers, Artists and Designers - D - F
◦	Writers, Artists and Designers - D
◦	Charles Dickens - Creativity and Writing
◦	Writers, Artists and Designers - E
◦	Writers, Artists and Designers - F
◦	Writers, Artists and Designers - G - I
◦	Writers, Artists and Designers - G
◦	Writers, Artists and Designers - H
◦	Writers, Artists and Designers - I
◦	Writers, Artists and Designers - J - L
◦	Writers, Artists and Designers - J
◦	Elton John - Creativity and Music
◦	Writers, Artists and Designers - K
◦	Writers, Artists and Designers - L
◦	John Lennon and Paul McCartney - Creativity and Music
◦	Leonardo da Vinci - Creativity and Art
◦	Raymond Loewy - Creativity and Design
◦	Writers, Artists and Designers - M - O
◦	Writers, Artists and Designers - M
◦	Michelangelo - Creativity and Art
◦	Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart - Creativity and Music
◦	Writers, Artists and Designers - N
◦	Writers, Artists and Designers - O
◦	Writers, Artists and Designers - P - R
◦	Writers, Artists and Designers - P
◦	Nick Park - Creativity and Films
◦	Pablo Picasso - Creativity and Art
◦	Marcel Proust - Success and Happiness
◦	Writers, Artists and Designers - Q
◦	Writers, Artists and Designers - R
◦	Richard Rodgers and Oscar Hammerstein - Creativity and Music
◦	Richard Rogers - Creativity and Business Success
◦	J.K.Rowling - Creativity and Writing
◦	John Ruskin - Creativity and Art
◦	Writers, Artists and Designers - S - U
◦	Writers, Artists and Designers - S
◦	William Shakespeare - Creativity and Writing
◦	Steven Spielberg - Creativity and Films
◦	Writers, Artists and Designers - T
◦	Writers, Artists and Designers - U
◦	Writers, Artists and Designers - V - Z
◦	Writers, Artists and Designers - V
◦	Vincent van Gogh - Creativity and Art
◦	Writers, Artists and Designers - W
◦	William Wordsworth - Creativity and Writing
◦	Frank Lloyd Wright - Creativity and Architecture
◦	Writers, Artists and Designers - X
◦	Writers, Artists and Designers - Y
◦	Writers, Artists and Designers - Z

Company Case Studies

◦	Company Case Studies - A - C
◦	Company Case Studies - A
◦	Amazon.com - Employees, Unions and Customer Satisfaction
◦	Apple - Innovation, Design and Customer Satisfaction
◦	Company Case Studies - B
◦	BBC - Quality, Creativity and Customer Satisfaction
◦	BMW - Production, Quality and Innovation
◦	Company Case Studies - C
◦	The Co-operative Group - Business Ethics and Customer Satisfaction
◦	Company Case Studies - D - F
◦	Company Case Studies - D
◦	Company Case Studies - E
◦	Company Case Studies - F
◦	Company Case Studies - G - I
◦	Company Case Studies - G
◦	Company Case Studies - H
◦	Company Case Studies - I
◦	Company Case Studies - J - L
◦	Company Case Studies - J
◦	Company Case Studies - K
◦	Company Case Studies - L
◦	Company Case Studies - M - O
◦	Company Case Studies - M
◦	Manchester United - Cash, Costs and Customer Satisfaction
◦	McDonald’s - Globalization, Culture and Strategy
◦	Company Case Studies - N
◦	Company Case Studies - O
◦	Company Case Studies - P - R
◦	Company Case Studies - P
◦	Company Case Studies - Q
◦	Company Case Studies - R
◦	Company Case Studies - S - U
◦	Company Case Studies - S
◦	Company Case Studies - T
◦	Tesco - Business Success, Leadership and Motivation
◦	Company Case Studies - U
◦	Company Case Studies - V - Z
◦	Company Case Studies - V
◦	Company Case Studies - W
◦	Company Case Studies - X
◦	Company Case Studies - Y
◦	Company Case Studies - Z

Books

◦	Books - A - C
◦	Books - A
◦	The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn - Ethics and Racism
◦	Aesop’s Fables - Success and Ethics
◦	All Quiet on the Western Front - War and Leadership
◦	Animal Farm - Leadership and Change
◦	Anna Karenina - Ethics and Love
◦	Atlas Shrugged - Corporate Social Responsibility
◦	Books - B
◦	Bleak House - Life, Work and Ethics
◦	Brave New World - The Future of Life and Work
◦	Books - C
◦	Catch-22 - People and Management
◦	The Catcher in the Rye - Happiness and Ethics
◦	Crime and Punishment- Happiness and Ethics
◦	The Crucible - Ethics, Leadership and Success
◦	Books - D - F
◦	Books - D
◦	David Copperfield - Success and Ethics
◦	Death of a Salesman - Success and Happiness
◦	Books - E
◦	Emma - Success and Ethics
◦	Books - F
◦	The Fountainhead and Success
◦	Books - G - I
◦	Books - G
◦	The Grapes of Wrath - Corporate Social Responsibility
◦	Great Expectations - Success, Happiness and Ethics
◦	The Great Gatsby - Happiness and Success
◦	Books - H
◦	Hard Times - Business Ethics and Happiness
◦	Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone - Success and Ethics
◦	Books - I
◦	Books - J - L
◦	Books - J
◦	Jane Eyre - Women, Ethics and Success
◦	Books - K
◦	Books - L
◦	The Last Tycoon - Leadership
◦	The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe - Ethics and Success
◦	Lord of the Flies - Leadership
◦	The Lord of the Rings - Success and Leadership
◦	Books - M - O
◦	Books - M
◦	The Mayor of Casterbridge - Leadership and Ethics
◦	Middlemarch - Happiness and Success
◦	Moby-Dick - Leadership
◦	Books - N
◦	Nineteen Eighty-Four - Success and Leadership
◦	Books - O
◦	Of Mice and Men - Success and Happiness
◦	Oliver Twist - Success and Ethics
◦	Books - P - R
◦	Books - P
◦	The Pearl - Happiness and Success
◦	The Pilgrim’s Progress - Religion and Ethics
◦	Pride and Prejudice - Love and Success
◦	Books - Q
◦	Books - R
◦	The Red Badge of Courage - Success and Ethics
◦	Roll of Thunder, Hear my Cry - Success and Ethics
◦	Books - S - U
◦	Books - S
◦	The Scarlet Letter - Happiness and Ethics
◦	Sense and Sensibility - Success and Influence
◦	Sons and Lovers - Family and Happiness
◦	Sophie’s World - Philosophy and Happiness
◦	Books - T
◦	To Kill a Mockingbird - Racism and Ethics
◦	Books - U
◦	Ulysses - Success, Happiness and Ethics
◦	Uncle Tom’s Cabin - Racism and Ethics
◦	Books - V - Z
◦	Books - V
◦	Books - W
◦	War and Peace - Leadership and Change
◦	Wuthering Heights - Love and Success
◦	Books - X
◦	Books - Y
◦	Books - Z

Shakespeare

◦	Shakespeare - A - C
◦	Shakespeare - A
◦	Shakespeare's Antony and Cleopatra - Success and Leadership
◦	Shakespeare - B
◦	Shakespeare - C
◦	Shakespeare's Julius Caesar - Leadership and Change
◦	Shakespeare's Corialanus - Leadership and Ethics
◦	Shakespeare - D - F
◦	Shakespeare - D
◦	Shakespeare - E
◦	Shakespeare - F
◦	Shakespeare - G - I
◦	Shakespeare - G
◦	Shakespeare - H
◦	Shakespeare's Hamlet - Success and Ethics
◦	Shakespeare's Henry IV Parts 1 and 2 - Leadership and Change
◦	Shakespeare's Henry V - Leadership and Ethics
◦	Shakespeare's Henry VIII - Leadership and Ethics
◦	Shakespeare - I
◦	Shakespeare - J - L
◦	Shakespeare - J
◦	Shakespeare - K
◦	Shakespeare's King Lear - Success and Ethics
◦	Shakespeare - L
◦	Shakespeare - M - O
◦	Shakespeare - M
◦	Shakespeare's Macbeth - Happiness and Success
◦	Shakespeare's Measure for Measure - Leadership and Ethics
◦	Shakespeare's The Merchant of Venice - Success and Ethics
◦	Shakespeare's A Midsummer Night’s Dream - Happiness and Ethics
◦	Shakespeare - N
◦	Shakespeare - O
◦	Shakespeare's Othello - Leadership and Ethics
◦	Shakespeare - P - R
◦	Shakespeare - P
◦	Shakespeare - Q
◦	Shakespeare - R
◦	Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet - Love and Happiness
◦	Shakespeare - S - U
◦	Shakespeare - S
◦	Shakespeare - T
◦	Shakespeare's The Tempest - Managing Change
◦	Shakespeare's Timon of Athens - Money and Ethics
◦	Shakespeare's Twelfth Night - Happiness and Ethics
◦	Shakespeare - U
◦	Shakespeare - V - Z
◦	Shakespeare - V
◦	Shakespeare - W
◦	Shakespeare - X
◦	Shakespeare - Y
◦	Shakespeare - Z

Poetry

◦	Poetry - A - C
◦	Poetry - A
◦	Poetry - B
◦	Poetry - C
◦	Poetry - Change
◦	Poetry - Creativity and Innovation
◦	Poetry - D - F
◦	Poetry - D
◦	Poetry - Death
◦	Poetry - E
◦	Poetry - Empowerment and motivation
◦	Poetry - Ethics
◦	Poetry - F
◦	Poetry - Family and Friends
◦	Poetry - G - I
◦	Poetry - G
◦	Poetry - God and Religion
◦	Poetry - H
◦	Poetry - Happiness
◦	Poetry - The Holocaust and World War Two
◦	Poetry - I
◦	Poetry - Influencing people
◦	Poetry - J - L
◦	Poetry - J
◦	Poetry - K
◦	Poetry - L
◦	Poetry - Leadership
◦	Poetry - Learning and Wisdom
◦	Poetry - Love
◦	Poetry - M - O
◦	Poetry - M
◦	Poetry - N
◦	Poetry - Nature and the Environment
◦	Poetry - O
◦	Poetry - Objectives and Purpose
◦	Poetry - Old Age
◦	Poetry - P - R
◦	Poetry - P
◦	Poetry - Positive Thinking and Assertiveness
◦	Poetry - Q
◦	Poetry - R
◦	Poetry - S - U
◦	Poetry - S
◦	Poetry - Stress and Pain
◦	Poetry - Success
◦	Poetry - T
◦	Poetry - Time Management
◦	Poetry - U
◦	Poetry - V - Z
◦	Poetry - V
◦	Poetry - W
◦	Poetry - War
◦	Poetry - Work and Workers
◦	Poetry - Women and Men
◦	Poetry - X
◦	Poetry - Y
◦	Poetry - Z

Art

◦	Art - A - C
◦	Art - A
◦	Art - B
◦	Art - Business Success and Motivation
◦	Art - C
◦	Art - Change
◦	Art - Creativity, Innovation and Science
◦	Art - D - F
◦	Art - D
◦	Art - E
◦	Art - Ethics
◦	Art - F
◦	Art - Family and friends
◦	Art - G - I
◦	Art - G
◦	Art - God and religion
◦	Art - H
◦	Art - Happiness
◦	Art - The Holocaust
◦	Art - I
◦	Art - J - L
◦	Art - J
◦	Art - K
◦	Art - L
◦	Art - Leadership
◦	Art - Learning and Wisdom
◦	Art - Love
◦	Art - M - O
◦	Art - M
◦	Art - N
◦	Art - Nature and the Environment
◦	Art - O
◦	Art - P - R
◦	Art - P
◦	Art - Q
◦	Art - R
◦	Art - S - U
◦	Art - S
◦	Art - Stress and Pain
◦	Art - Success
◦	Art - T
◦	Art - U
◦	Art - V - Z
◦	Art - V
◦	Art - W
◦	Art - War
◦	Art - Work and Wealth
◦	Art - Workers and Unions
◦	Art - X
◦	Art - Y
◦	Art - Z

Films

◦	Films - A - C
◦	Films - A
◦	All Quiet on the Western Front (film) - War and Ethics
◦	All the President’s Men - Leadership and Ethics
◦	Apocalypse Now - War and Ethics
◦	Films - B
◦	The Battle of Algiers - Strategy and Terrorism
◦	Ben-Hur - Ethics and Leadership
◦	Billy Elliot - Success, Unions and Ethics
◦	The Birth of a Nation - Racism, Ethics and Leadership
◦	Blade Runner - Business Ethics and the Environment
◦	The Bridge on the River Kwai - Ethics and War
◦	Brief Encounter - Love and Ethics
◦	Films - C
◦	Casablanca - Ethics and Success
◦	Chariots of Fire - Success and Ethics
◦	Citizen Kane - Leadership and Ethics
◦	City Lights - Happiness and Success
◦	Films - D - F
◦	Films - D
◦	Dr. Strangelove - Leadership and Ethics
◦	Doctor Zhivago - Happiness and Ethics
◦	Films - E
◦	E.T. - Love and Ethics
◦	Films - F
◦	Films - G - I
◦	Films - G
◦	The Godfather - Leadership and Ethics
◦	Gone with the Wind - Success and Ethics
◦	The Graduate - Success and Ethics
◦	The Grapes of Wrath - Business Ethics and Corporate Social Responsibility
◦	Films - H
◦	High Noon - Leadership and Ethics
◦	How Green Was My Valley - Success, Ethics and Trade Unions
◦	Films - I
◦	It’s A Wonderful Life - Success and Ethics
◦	Films - J - L
◦	Films - J
◦	Films - K
◦	Films - L
◦	Love Story - Love and Ethics
◦	Films - M - O
◦	Films - M
◦	The Manchurian Candidate - Corporate Culture and Leadership
◦	Mr. Smith Goes to Washington - Success, Leadership and Ethics
◦	Modern Times - Management, Mass Production and Motivation
◦	Films - N
◦	Films - O
◦	On the Waterfront - Success, Ethics and Unions
◦	One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest - Leadership and Change
◦	Films - P - R
◦	Films - P
◦	Paths of Glory - Leadership and Ethics
◦	Patton - Leadership and Communication
◦	Pretty Woman - Business Ethics and Happiness
◦	Films - Q
◦	Films - R
◦	Raging Bull - Success and Ethics
◦	Rocky - Success and Ethics
◦	Films - S - U
◦	Films - S
◦	Saving Private Ryan - Success, Leadership and Ethics
◦	Schindler’s List - Ethics and the Holocaust
◦	The Searchers - Love and Ethics
◦	Serpico - Business Ethics and Whistle-blowing
◦	Silkwood - Business Ethics and Whistle-blowing
◦	Films - T
◦	Thirteen Days - Leadership and Ethics
◦	To Kill a Mockingbird (film) - Ethics and Racism
◦	Twelve Angry Men - Ethics and Leadership
◦	Films - U
◦	Up in the Air - Success and Business Ethics
◦	Films - V - Z
◦	Films - V
◦	Films - W
◦	Wall Street - Success and Business Ethics
◦	The Wizard of Oz - Success and Happiness
◦	Films - X
◦	Films - Y
◦	Films - Z

Best Business Books

◦	Best Business Books - A - C
◦	Best Business Books - A
◦	Scott Adams, The Dilbert Principle (1996)
◦	Chris Argyris and Donald Schön, Organizational Learning II (1996)
◦	Best Business Books - B
◦	Chester Barnard, The Functions of the Executive (1938)
◦	Christopher Bartlett and Sumantra Ghoshal, The Individualized Corporation (1997)
◦	Warren Bennis and Burt Nanus, Leaders (1985)
◦	Richard Nelson Bolles, What Colour Is Your Parachute? (1970)
◦	Best Business Books - C
◦	Dale Carnegie, How to Win Friends and Influence People (1936)
◦	Clayton Christensen, The Innovator’s Dilemma (1997)
◦	Jim Collins, Good to Great (2001)
◦	Jim Collins and Jerry Porras, Built to Last (1994)
◦	Stephen Covey, Principle-Centred Leadership (1992)
◦	Stephen Covey, The Seven Habits of Highly Effective People (1989)
◦	Best Business Books - D - F
◦	Best Business Books - D
◦	Edward de Bono, Lateral Thinking (1970)
◦	Edward de Bono, Six Thinking Hats (1985)
◦	W. Edwards Deming, Out of the Crisis (1982)
◦	Peter Drucker, Management: Tasks, Responsibilities, Practices (1973)
◦	Peter Drucker, The Practice of Management (1954)
◦	Best Business Books - E
◦	Best Business Books - F
◦	Mary Parker Follett, Dynamic Administration (1941)
◦	Henry Ford, My Life and Work (1922)
◦	Thomas Friedman, Lexus and the Olive Tree (1999)
◦	Milton and Rose Friedman, Capitalism and Freedom (1962)
◦	Best Business Books - G - I
◦	Best Business Books - G
◦	Lou Gerstner, Who Says Elephants Can’t Dance (2002)
◦	Daniel Goleman, Emotional Intelligence (1996)
◦	Lynda Gratton, Living Strategy (2000)
◦	Best Business Books - H
◦	Gary Hamel and CK Prahalad, Competing for the Future (1996)
◦	Charles Handy, The Age of Unreason (1989)
◦	Charles Handy, The Empty Raincoat (1994)
◦	Charles Handy, The Gods of Management (1985)
◦	Best Business Books - I
◦	Best Business Books - J - L
◦	Best Business Books - J
◦	Best Business Books - K
◦	Daniel Kahneman, Thinking, Fast and Slow (2011)
◦	Rosabeth Moss Kanter, The Change Masters (1984)
◦	John Kay, Foundations of Corporate Success (1993)
◦	W. Chan Kim and Renée Mauborgne, Blue Ocean Strategy (2005)
◦	Best Business Books - L
◦	Theodore (Ted) Levitt, The Marketing Imagination (1983)
◦	Best Business Books - M - O
◦	Best Business Books - M
◦	Douglas McGregor, The Human Side of Enterprise (1960)
◦	Best Business Books - N
◦	Best Business Books - O
◦	Kenichi Ohmae, The Borderless World (1990)
◦	Best Business Books - P - R
◦	Best Business Books - P
◦	Richard Pascale, Managing on the Edge (1990)
◦	Tom Peters and Robert Waterman, In Search of Excellence (1982)
◦	Michael Porter, Competitive Advantage (1985)
◦	Michael Porter, The Competitive Advantage of Nations (1990)
◦	Best Business Books - Q
◦	Best Business Books - R
◦	Best Business Books - S - U
◦	Best Business Books - S
◦	Ernst Friedrich (Fritz) Schumacher, Small is Beautiful (1973)
◦	Best Business Books - T
◦	Nassim Nicholas Taleb, The Black Swan (2007)
◦	Alvin Toffler, Future Shock (1970)
◦	Alvin Toffler, The Third Wave (1980)
◦	Best Business Books - U
◦	Best Business Books - V - Z
◦	Best Business Books - V
◦	Best Business Books - W
◦	Thomas Watson Jnr, A Business and Its Beliefs (1963)
◦	Jack Welch, Straight from the Gut (2001)
◦	Best Business Books - X
◦	Best Business Books - Y
◦	Best Business Books - Z

Business Quotations

◦	Business Quotations - A - C
◦	Business Quotations - A
◦	Advertising Quotes
◦	Age Quotes
◦	America Quotes
◦	Assertiveness Quotes
◦	Business Quotations - B
◦	Business Ethics Quotes
◦	Business Success Quotes
◦	Business Quotations - C
◦	Careers and Ambition Quotes
◦	Change and Change Management Quotes
◦	Communication Quotes
◦	Competitive Advantage Quotes
◦	Core Competencies Quotes
◦	Corporate Culture Quotes
◦	Corporate Social Responsibility Quotes
◦	Corporate Strategy Quotes
◦	Creativity Quotes
◦	Customers Quotes
◦	Business Quotations - D - F
◦	Business Quotations - D
◦	Death and Bereavement Quotes
◦	Decision Making Quotes
◦	Design and Product Design Quotes
◦	Business Quotations - E
◦	Economics Quotes
◦	Education and Training Quotes
◦	Emotional Intelligence Quotes
◦	Empowerment and Freedom Quotes
◦	Ethics and Integrity Quotes
◦	Business Quotations - F
◦	Family and Children Quotes
◦	Fear and Anxiety Quotes
◦	Finance and Accounting Quotes
◦	Business Quotations - G - I
◦	Business Quotations - G
◦	Globalization Quotes
◦	God and Religion Quotes
◦	Business Quotations - H
◦	Happiness Quotes
◦	Health Quotes
◦	Human Resource Management Quotes
◦	Business Quotations - I
◦	Influencing People Quotes
◦	Innovation Quotes
◦	Internet and Computers Quotes
◦	Interviewing and Selection Quotes
◦	Business Quotations - J - L
◦	Business Quotations - J
◦	Business Quotations - K
◦	Knowledge Management Quotes
◦	Business Quotations - L
◦	Law and Justice Quotes
◦	Leadership Quotes
◦	Learning and Wisdom Quotes
◦	Learning Organization Quotes
◦	Love Quotes
◦	Business Quotations - M - O
◦	Business Quotations - M
◦	Management Quotes
◦	Market Research and Buyer Behaviour Quotes
◦	Marketing Quotes
◦	Marriage Quotes
◦	Money and Investment Quotes
◦	Motivation Quotes
◦	Business Quotations - N
◦	Nature and Climate Change Quotes
◦	Negotiating Quotes
◦	Business Quotations - O
◦	Objectives and Vision Quotes
◦	Business Quotations - P - R
◦	Business Quotations - P
◦	Past, Present and Future Quotes
◦	Peace of Mind Quotes
◦	Politics and Government Quotes
◦	Positive Thinking Quotes
◦	Pricing Quotes
◦	Product Quotes
◦	Production Quotes
◦	Public Speaking Quotes
◦	Business Quotations - Q
◦	Quality Quotes
◦	Business Quotations - R
◦	Reading and Writing Quotes
◦	Relationships and Friendship Quotes
◦	Business Quotations - S - U
◦	Business Quotations - S
◦	Science and Technology Quotes
◦	Selling Quotes
◦	Service Profit Chain Quotes
◦	Sex Quotes
◦	Society Quotes
◦	Sport Quotes
◦	Stress and Pain Quotes
◦	Structure and Bureaucracy Quotes
◦	Success Quotes
◦	Business Quotations - T
◦	Teams and Committees Quotes
◦	Time Management Quotes
◦	Business Quotations - U
◦	Business Quotations - V - Z
◦	Business Quotations - V
◦	Business Quotations - W
◦	War Quotes
◦	Women and Men Quotes
◦	Work and Leisure Quotes
◦	Workers and Unions Quotes
◦	Business Quotations - X
◦	Business Quotations - Y
◦	Business Quotations - Z

History Highlights

◦	History Highlights - A - C
◦	History Highlights - A
◦	The American Declaration of Independence - Success and Happiness
◦	Anne Frank, the Holocaust and Influencing People
◦	The Assassination of Julius Caesar - Success, Leadership and Ethics
◦	History Highlights - B
◦	The Battle of Agincourt, Henry V and Leadership
◦	The Battle of Britain - Leadership and Strategy
◦	The Battle of Gettysburg - Leadership and Strategy
◦	The Battle of Hastings - Leadership and Strategy
◦	The Battle of the Overpass - Unions and Management
◦	The Battle of the Somme - Leadership and Strategy
◦	The Battle of Trafalgar - Nelson, Leadership and Strategy
◦	The Battle of Waterloo - Leadership and Strategy
◦	The British Miners’ Strike (1984-5) - Unions and Management
◦	History Highlights - C
◦	Chinese Invention of Printing - Creativity and Innovation
◦	History Highlights - D - F
◦	History Highlights - D
◦	D-Day - Leadership and Strategy
◦	History Highlights - E
◦	Emily Davison’s Death at the English Derby - Suffragettes and Women's Rights
◦	The Enlightenment - Learning, Happiness and Success
◦	History Highlights - F
◦	History Highlights - G - I
◦	History Highlights - G
◦	History Highlights - H
◦	Henry VIII’s Divorce - Leadership and Ethics
◦	History Highlights - I
◦	The Industrial Revolution - Management and Unions
◦	History Highlights - J - L
◦	History Highlights - J
◦	History Highlights - K
◦	History Highlights - L
◦	History Highlights - M - O
◦	History Highlights - M
◦	The March on Washington - Empowerment and Civil Rights
◦	History Highlights - N
◦	9/11 - Leadership and Strategy
◦	History Highlights - O
◦	History Highlights - P - R
◦	History Highlights - P
◦	History Highlights - Q
◦	History Highlights - R
◦	The Reformation - Religion and Ethics
◦	The Renaissance - Learning and Creativity
◦	History Highlights - S - U
◦	History Highlights - S
◦	The Salem Witch Trials - Learning and Ethics
◦	The South Sea Bubble - Business Ethics
◦	History Highlights - T
◦	The Trial and Death of Socrates - Learning and Ethics
◦	History Highlights - U
◦	History Highlights - V - Z
◦	History Highlights - V
◦	History Highlights - W
◦	The Wall Street Crash - Business Ethics
◦	History Highlights - X
◦	History Highlights - Y
◦	History Highlights - Z

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