Tesco - Business Success, Leadership and Motivation
Tesco
Introduction
Tesco is one of the world’s biggest supermarket chains.
In 2014 it had over:
- 6,000 stores in 12 countries.
- half a million employees.
After its huge success in the 1990's and 2000's (with its market share peaking at 31.8% in
2007), Tesco has had big problems since 2012 caused by:
In 2013 the consumer organization, Which?, voted Tesco Britain's worst supermarket and in
2014 chief executive, Philip Clarke, and the chairman, Richard
Broadbent (pictured right above), were sacked.
Since then an overstatement of profits by £263 million in the first half of 2014 has sent the company into
turmoil.
The reasons for its decline will be discussed later, but first we shall see how Tesco became Britain's biggest
supermarket with a 28.8% market share in September 2014.
Its competitors are:
Asda (17.4%).
Sainsbury's (16.2%).
Morrisons (10.9%).
Co-operative (6.4%).
Waitrose (5.1%).
Aldi (4.8%).
Lidl (3.5%).
Key events
1919
Jack Cohen founds Tesco by opening a market stall in the East End of London (pictured
right in 1978).
1924
The first own brand product sold – Tesco tea, using the initials of the:
- tea supplier, TE Stockwell and
- first two letters of Cohen’s surname.
1929
The first store opens in Burnt Oak, Edgware in North London.
1956
Tesco’s first self-service supermarket in Maldon, Essex (north east of London).
1977
Launch of ‘Checkout at Tesco’ price cutting campaign.
1985
Launch of ‘Healthy Eating’ initiative – Britain’s first supermarket to indicate the
nutritional value of its own brand products.
1992
Launch of its slogan ‘Every Little Helps’
1995
Its loyalty card, the Tesco Clubcard, is launched.
2006
The Internet shopping service, Tesco Direct, is launched.
2007
Tesco opens its Fresh & Easy stores in America.
2013
Tesco is discovered selling horse
meat and sells its loss making American stores Fresh
& Easy.
Key people
Jack Cohen
Founder who died in 1979.
Terry Leahy
Chief executive 1997- 2011 (pictured right).
Ian MacLaurin
Chairman 1985-97.
Dave Lewis
Chief executive since 2014 (pictured right).
Key quotes
We can't expect our people to be happy or to make our customers happy if we don't look after them,
- Tesco’s Annual Report and Accounts 2011 .
Pile it high and sell it cheap
- Jack Cohen, Tesco's founder (his business motto).
YCDBSOYA: 'You can't do business sitting on your arse,
- Jack Cohen.
Never stop listening to customers and giving them what they want,
- Terry Leahy, chief executive 1997- 2011.
The most important thing is to distinguish between a company that is simply large, and one that is
excellent,
- Ian MacLaurin, chairman 1985-97 (pictured right)
Why has Tesco declined?
1. Customer dissatisfaction
Tesco's huge success in the 1990's and 2000's was based on:
- quickly acting upon their suggestions.
These new products were particularly successful:
- customer loyalty card (Clubcard, which gave Tesco invaluable customer information).
- online business.
- convenience stores (Tesco Express and Metro)
- Value (budget) and Finest (luxury) product ranges.
But in recent years its customers have become increasingly dissatisfied - why?
a) complacency
(as the top supermarket Tesco became arrogant, lost its customer focus and stopped innovating and
investing in its stores and customer service)
b) high prices
(particularly in relation to the German supermarkets Aldi and Lidl)
c) quality and supply problems
(particularly horse meat found in its spaghetti bolognese and burgers in 2013).
d) inconsistency of performance between stores
e) the declining popularity of its big superstores
(caused by changing shopping habits including online buying)
2. Bad image
People think Tesco is 'big and bad' because of its:
- quality and health problems (particularly the horse meat
scandal - see point 1 above)
- dominant market position (leading to the nickname Tescopoly for having no competition
in some towns)
- greenfield site store development.
- adverse effects on small town stores.
3. Competition
Tesco faces particularly strong competition from:
- low growth in the UK grocery market (making battles for market share even more intense).
- Aldi, Lidl and Asda (on price)
- Sainsbury's, Waitrose and Marks and Spencer (for luxury groceries).
The performance of its old rival, Sainsbury's, was transformed under its chief executive, Justin
King (pictured right) .
Amazon has also
entered the online grocery business in America and is very likely to become a competitor for Tesco in Britain.
4. Poor leadership
Chief executive, Philip Clarke (pictured right), was sacked in 2014 because of his failure
to:
- beat competitors (see point 3).
- inspire his workforce (eventually losing their trust, confidence and passion to maximize customer
satisfaction)
Clarke was too autocratic, aggressive and ruthless (sacking talented top managers like his deputy, Tim
Mason, pictured right).
5. Overseas problems
Tesco sold it businesses in Japan in 2012 and America in 2013.
Americans didn't like its Fresh & Easy stores because of their
- size (the stores were small when Americans prefer big, more infrequent shopping
trips)
Tesco also faces problems in its traditionally strong overseas businesses - central Europe, Asia and
Ireland.
6. Employee relations
Tesco has worked successfully with the British retail union, USDAW, but overseas it has been
anti-union, jeopardizing employee motivation and co-operation.
Tesco has also annoyed its employees with:
- part-time, low hours contracts (giving little security of income).
- the big gap between wages at the top and the bottom of the company.
In 2014 its executive directors received over £1 million p.a. when the annual average wage
for all employees was £12,037.
7.
Suppliers
Tesco
could increase co-operation and trust with its suppliers, ensuring better quality at lower prices.
Tesco
is a brutal negotiator with suppliers, demanding payments to buy their goods and get the best position in the
store.
|